What about abnormal skin colorations? Abnormal skin colorations: Cyanosis Pallor Jaundice Albinism Erythema Cyan = blue Pallo = sway Albi = white Eryth = red

How do you explain Deed’s foot? What would cause that color? Is the lack of sensation a symptom you would attribute to that color? Why or why not? What parts of the scene are “fakey”?

What is the reality? Developing gangrene risks: Chronic lack of sufficient blood flow! Conditions causing this: Diabetes Atherosclerosis Thrombosis - a clot in a blood vessel, also related to atherosclerosis Extreme cold injury (frostbite). http://www.reversegangrene.com/A.htm

Why are burns some of the most painful injuries? Eschar Burns are ranked based on the severity and the depth of tissue destruction. 1st degree: Epithelium damaged ~ red & painful, NO blisters 2nd degree: Epithelium & some dermis damaged ~ red, white or tan, very painful, BLISTERS present 3rd degree (full thickness) All layers damaged ~ black, NO pain, NO blisters

http://surgclerk.med.utoronto.ca/Burn/images/Burn3c.jpg http://www.jsonline.com/911/images/1b.jpg

How do you determine the extent of a burn? Have you ever wondered how they measure % of body burned? They use the rule of 9s. 9 9 +9 = 18 18 + 18 = 36 1 18 +18 = 36 = 100%

How do skin wounds heal? Blood clot forms (we’ll discuss later) Variety of new cells migrate to damaged area Fibroblast divide rapidly and capillaries invade tissue Fibrin replaced with other fibers 1 2 3 4

How does age affect your integumentary system? As skin ages it loses: Elasticity Thickness Melanocytes (snowbird) Sebaceous gland activity Sweat gland activity Capillary density What is the effect of each of these losses? How about cumulative effects?

Is all skin cancer equally dangerous? Types are identified based on the type of cells that mutate: Basal cell carcinoma Least dangerous, start as “shiny” bump, center becomes concave and ulcerus Squamous cell carcinoma Raised, red, “scaly” & ulcerus, can metastasize Melanoma Dark, flat, irregular, most deadly