“Approaches to Interoperability Standardization” by Timothy Schoechle, PhD CyberLYNX Technology Corporation Boulder, Colorado, USA for National Conference on Emergency Communications Systems Washington DC December 12-13, 2005 hosted by George Washington University

Situation Technological advances in wireless networking Many new technologies and standards Targeted to specific applications and services Not interoperable

Some examples Local area networks Wide area networks Bluetooth Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) WiFi (IEEE 802.11) UWB Wide area networks WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) LMDS, MMDS GSM/GPRS CDMA 3G CDMA 2000 WCDMS TS-SCDMA

Some examples Satellite services SDR (Software Defined Radio) JTSR (Joint Tactical Radio System) US military system Specialized fixed and mobile services NGN (Next Generation Networks) ITU-T SG 13—NGN ITU-T SG 16—Multimedia Trmls, Sys. & Apps Focus on ”ubiquitous applications” e-everything (e.g., e-health, e-business, etc.)

The problem Compatibility Connectivity Interoperability Not interfering with each other Connectivity Talking to each other Interoperability Understanding each other “Interworking”

The problem Interoperability Between wired and wireless networks Between new and legacy networks

Issues and problems The “stovepipe” problem New systems need “legacy bridge” Future-proofing “technology insertion”—Avoid re-engineering “sustainability” Compatibility with civil & national systems

OSI 7-layer model (open system interconnect) USER USER “Gateway” Layer 7 Application Application Layer 6 Presentation Presentation Layer 5 Session Session Layer 4 Transport Transport “Router” Layer 3 Network Network Layer 2 Data Link Data Link “Bridge” Layer 1 Physical Physical Network 1 Network 2

Internet A “network of networks” At the network layer (OSI layer 3) Layer 3 interconnection Connectivity vs. interoperability Connectivity: message packet exchange Interoperability: application language translation Syntax Lexicon Semantics Now: take the Internet logic to the next stage Gateway: application layer (OSI layer 7)

Solution ISO/IEC 15045 Gateway Defines generalized gateway architecture Modular and distributed structure Integrates with voice, video, and data services ISO/IEC 18012 Guidelines for Interoperability Translates between dissimilar networks At the OSI Application layer (layer 7) All protocols and languages accommodated

Gateways! Public Safety JTRS Military Network (FM, P25,SDR) Network (over 30 air interfaces) Gateway Federal Gateway Tribal State Allies Local Same MILDEP Different MILDEP Gateway Gateway Commercial Wireless Networks (2G, 3G, SDR) U.S. Rest of World

Common Interoperability Framework (ISO/IEC 18012) GIWF #1 #1 <> AIL System #1 Abstract Intermediate Language (AIL) GIWF #2 System #2 GIWF #3 System #3 GIWF #4 System #4 GIWF = Generic Interworking Function

Gateway Architecture (generalized) Wide Area Networks Local Area Networks WAN 1 WAN 1 Interface LAN 1 Interface LAN 1 WAN 2 WAN 2 Interface LAN 2 Interface LAN 2 WAN 3 WAN 3 Interface LAN 3 LAN 3 Interface Gateway Intermediate Bus and Protocol Domain of Gateway Standard Encryption Services Minimal Network Services Authentication Services Enhanced Network Services Other Security Services Other Services Core Framework

Gateway Architecture (Home Networking Example) Wide Area Access Networks Local Area Networks Cable TV DOCSIS Interface MPEG-Video IEEE 1394 Telephone DSL Interface VoIP Interface WiFi WiMAX Receive Interface Ethernet Data Router Gateway Intermediate Bus and Protocol Domain of Gateway Standard Automatic Meter Reading Health/Medical Monitoring Personal Vidoe Recorder Energy Management Security/Firewall Services Network Management Core Framework

The JTSR example Sound architectural concept But… SCA—Software Communications Architecture Software-based—re-usable hardware Modular “waveforms” for expandability But… Radio only Few waveforms—need to add new technology faster No connection to other new & legacy networks Need WNW—Wideband Network Waveform Costs out of control Delays in implementation

JTRS Set Architecture (Software Radio Networking Example) Waveforms WNW Minimal Network Services Core Framework Programmable Radio Hardware

JTRS Gateway Architecture (Software Radio Networking Example) Radio Set Waveforms WNW Waveforms SINCGARS Waveform 1 WNW Interface 1 GIG EPLRS Waveform 2 WNW Interface 2 Internet HAVEQUICK Waveform 3 C2 WNW Interface 3 Gateway Intermediate Bus and Protocol Domain of Gateway Standard Encryption Services Minimal Network Services Authentication Services Enhanced Network Services Other Security Services Other Services Core Framework

Thank you, Questions ? Timothy Schoechle, PhD CyberLYNX Technology Corporation Boulder, Colorado, USA www.cyberlynx.com +1 303-443-5490