Safe Clinical Practice

Keys to Lab Safety and Success Be Prepared

Keys to Lab Safety and Success Equipment

Keys to Lab Safety and Success Attendance

Keys to Lab Safety and Success Writing

Keys to Lab Safety and Success Curiosity

Lab Skills for Success Communication

Lab Skills for Success Teamwork

Lab Skills for Success Critical Thinking

American Philosophical Association Critical thinking is self-directed, self- disciplined, self-monitored, and self- corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism.

Lab Skills for Success Technical skills

Infection Prevention & Control Micro-organism – Only visible with a microscope

Micro-organism Cause disease “pathogen”  infection Do not cause disease “Nonpathogenic organism” Normal Flora

Cross-contamination Spread of pathogens from  

Bacteria Single cell No nucleus Reproduce Classifications – Need for O 2 – Shape – Gram stain

Bacteria – need for O2 Aerobic Need O2 Anaerobic Can’t have O 2

Bacteria – gram stain Gram-positiveGram-negative Dangerous  Endotoxin  Hemorrhagic shock & diarrhea

Bacteria – shape (morphology) Cocci  – Round Bacilli  – Rod shaped Spirochetes  – Spiral Chains  – Streptococci Pairs  – Diplococci Clusters  – Staphylococci

Antibiotic Chemical substances that can kill microorganisms Most effective against bacteria

Viruses Extremely small Can only grow and replicate within a living cell

Chain of Infection 1.Pathogen Microorganism capable of causing disease

Chain of Infection 1.Pathogen 2.Reservoir 3.A portal of exit Reservoir – Where the pathogen lives Portal of Exit – A way to get out of the reservoir

Chain of Infection 1.Pathogen 2.Reservoir 3.Portal of exit from the reservoir 4.Mode of Transmission How pathogens move from the reservoir  host

Chain of Infection 1.Pathogen 2.Reservoir 3.Portal of exit from the reservoir 4.Mode of Transmission 5.Portal of entry Entrance into host – Eyes – Mouth – Respiratory – GI – GU – Broken skin – Blood

Chain of Infection 1.Pathogen 2.Reservoir 3.Portal of exit from the reservoir 4.Mode of Transmission 5.Portal of entry Susceptible host

Healthcare-associated infections Mode of Transportation – Employees – Visitors – Devices

Resistant pathogens Causes – Inappropriate use of antibiotics Result – Resistance – Mutation

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Reservoir – Mucous membranes – Resp. Tract Hospital & community acquired Isolation – Precautions

Standard Precaution Do not touch – Blood – Body fluids (except sweat) – Non-intact skin – Mucous membranes

Hand washing Before & After – Soap

Gloves Before touching – Body fluids

Gown During procedures when contact with body fluids is anticipated.

Mask – Eye protection – Face shield When body fluids are likely to splash or spray.

Equipment Wash hands after handling Cleaning routine

Laundry/textiles Cover Don’t hug

Needles / sharps Do not recap 1-handed scoop Puncture- resistant container

Lifting & moving Obtain help

Lifting & moving Use your leg muscles

Lifting & moving Provide stability for movement

Lifting & moving Smooth, coordinated movements

Lifting & moving Keep the load close

Lifting & moving Pull & pivot