SOCIAL POLICY - ROME TREATY BINDING PROVISIONS Freedom of Movement of Workers (Arts 48&49) Social Security for Migrant Workers (Art 51) Freedom of Establishment (Arts 52-58) Equal Pay for Male and Female Workers (Art 119) The European Social Fund (Arts ) Approximation of Provisions affecting Common Market (Art 100)

SOCIAL POLICY - ROME TREATY (con) NON-BINDING PROVISIONS Standard of Living, Working Conditions & Social Field in General (Arts 117& 118) Paid Holiday Schemes (Art 120) Common Vocational Training Policy (Art 128) Social Provisions relating to CAP and Transport Policy

ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS - SEA BINDING PROVISIONS Approximation of National Provisions relating to Health, Safety, Environmental & Consumer Protection (Art. 100a) The Working Environment - Health & Safety of Workers ( Art. 118a) Economic and Social Cohesion of Community (Arts. 130a to 130e) NON-BINDING A Dialogue between Management & Labour which could lead to relations based on Agreement (Art. 118b)

EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND Role - Art. 123: To render employment of workers easier and to increase their geographical and occupational mobility Ist Fund Inadequate financial provisions - Could only intervene retroactively - Distributed money unevenly 2nd Fund Had larger budget - Could assist private bodies and even firms - Greater control Review 77 - At least 50% to go to backward regions - New regulations governing young people - Subsidies for Work Experience - Public Work Projects

EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND (con) 3rd Fund Further increase in funds - At least 40% of total to go to poorer regions - 75% of remainder to go to young people (under 25) Structural Funds ( & ) ESF will support measures aimed at - Placing in young people in jobs and combating long-term unemployment - Providing workers with the vocational skills that promote stability of employment - Expanding employment opportunities

LABOUR LAW Directives - transfer of Undertakings (Feb. '77) - protection against dismissal solely on grounds of transfer - insolvency of employers (Oct '80) Equal Treatment – Men and Women - Equal treatment, access to employment, vocational training (Feb. '76) - Equal treatment - social security (Dec. '78) - Equal Treatment for anyone self employed (Dec. '86)

SOCIAL CHARTER - SUMMARY Right to freedom of movement (1 - 6) - restrictions still on grounds of public order, public safety or public health - obstacles also due to lack of mutual recognition of qualifications Employment and remuneration (7-9) - provision for basic minimum wage - access to public placement services free of charge Improvement of living and working conditions (8-12) - provision of maximum hours - annual paid leave - right to contract of employment

SOCIAL CHARTER (con) Right to social protection (13) - provision for minimum income and social assistance (unemployed and elderly) Right to freedom of association and collective bargaining (14-16) - right to join unions and promotion of collective agreement (under European Law if agreed) Right to vocational training (17-18) - right to continued vocational training throughout one's lifetime Equal treatment for men and women (19) - equality in remuneration, access to employment, social protection, education and vocational training and career development

SOCIAL CHARTER (con) Right of workers to information, consultation and participation (20-21) - especially where technology, restructuring and bankruptcies are involved Right to health protection and safety in workplace (22) - emphasis on further harmonisation Protection of children and adolescents (23-26) - minimum employment age fixed at 16 - workers under 18 not to work more than 40 hours or perform night work - entitlement to 2 years vocational training (during work hours)

SOCIAL CHARTER (con) Elderly persons (27-28) - entitled to minimum income (if not receiving a pension) Disabled persons (29-31) - improved integration in society

SOCIAL ACTION PROGRAMMES Amsterdam Treaty gave fresh impetus to European Social Policy by incorporating the Social Chapter and incorporating a new Employment Chapter - by placing employment firmly on the agenda - by requiring member states to better coordinate economic and employment policies - launching initiatives on new aspects such as social exclusion and anti-discrimination - promoting equality between men and women in all aspects of social life

SOCIAL ACTION PROGRAMMES (con) Employment - at present 9% of workforce unemployed - lower level of employment in services than in the US - a gender gap; only one half at work in EU compared to two thirds in US - age gap; rate of employment from 55 – 65 too low - skills gap; requirements (such as IT) not met by available supply - long term unemployment problem; half of those unemployed out of work for more than a year - marked regional imbalances in unemployment being highest in less developed regions and declining industrial areas

VOCATIONAL TRAINING Art. 128 – general provisions for the implementation of training policy April ’63 – 10 general principles laid down for implementation of common policy Three Priorities - comparability of priorities - exchange of young workers - vocational guidance 1975 – setting up of European Centre for Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) in Berlin Recent Years - mobility programmes (Erasmus, Socrates and Yes) - recommendations on training young people and women in-firm - recognition of diplomas

OTHER INIATIVES Programmes on Poverty - finance for pilot schemes - food aid - various measures for disadvantaged groups Research and Exchange Programmes - Esprit - Race - Comett - Erasmus - Yes Human Resources Iniative - Euroform (for unemployed) - Now (for women) - Horizon (for disabled)

SOCIAL POLICY AGENDA Approach now is to create more and better jobs and equal opportunities - Aim to cut unemployment significantly by 2010 (increasing it from 64% t0 70% of working age population creating 22 ml. jobs by 2010 European Employment Strategy - agreed guidelines and priorities for member states employment - each state produces its own action plan with progress assessed against 100 indicators European Social Fund - provides financial assistance with €60 million earmarked for expenditure between 2000 and 2006 (€3 billion reserved for EQUAL Fund) Minimum Standards for all - attention to social and environmental concerns - protection against safety and health risks - equal pay for equal work - broadly similar working conditions across Europe

SOCIAL POLICY AGENDA (con) Pan European Mobility and Protection - the right to work anywhere in the EU - the right to receive social protection Social Inclusion and Social Protection - to provide a social security net for everyone - make pensions safe and provide quality health care - promote social inclusion and fight poverty Technical Back up - European agency for Health and Safety - European Foundation for Living and Working Conditions - European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Zenophopia