Electricity & Magnetism Static, Currents, Circuits Magnetic Fields & Electro Magnets

Atoms… Have neutrons, protons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged Electrons are negatively charged

Electrons… Are located on the outer edges of atoms…they can be moved. A concentration of electrons in an atom creates a net negative charge. If electrons are stripped away, the atom becomes positively charged.

- + + + + - - + - + + + - - - + + - - - The world is filled with electrical charges: Electricity is the energy associated with charged particles - + + + + - - + - + + + - - - + + - - -

What is this electrical potential called? Static Electricity - - - - - + + + - - + +

Static Electricity The build up of an electric charge on the surface of an object. The charge builds up but does not flow. Static electricity is potential energy. It does not move. It is stored.

Methods of Transfer… Occurs when there is a loss of static electricity due to three possible things: Friction - rubbing Conduction – direct contact Induction – through an electrical field (not direct contact)

Visualizing Lightning Turn to page 199. Answer the following questions When the warm humid air rises to meet the cold air, what causes the air masses to churn together What electrical property causes the negative charges in the cloud to be attracted to the positive charges in the ground? Why does the ground below have positive charges?

Electricity that moves… Current: The flow of electrons from one place to another. Measured in amperes (amps) Kinetic energy

How can we control currents? With circuits. Circuit: is a path for the flow of electrons. We use wires.

There are 2 types of currents: Direct Current (DC) – Where electrons flow in the same direction in a wire.

There are 2 types of currents: Alternating Current (AC) – electrons flow in different directions in a wire

There are 2 types of circuits: Series Circuit: the components are lined up along one path. If the circuit is broken, all components turn off.

Series Circuit

There are 2 types of circuits: Parallel Circuit – there are several branching paths to the components. If the circuit is broken at any one branch, only the components on that branch will turn off.

Parallel Circuit

Conductors vs. Insulators Conductors – material through which electric current flows easily. Insulators – materials through which electric current cannot move.

Examples Conductors: Insulators: Metal Water Styrofoam Rubber Plastic Paper

Activity Identifying Conductors and Insulators Page 208

What is Resistance? The opposition to the flow of an electric current, producing heat. The greater the resistance, the less current gets through. Good conductors have low resistance. Measured in ohms.

What Influences Resistance? Material of wire – aluminum and copper have low resistance Thickness – the thicker the wire the lower the resistance Length – shorter wire has lower resistance Temperature – lower temperature has lower resistance

What is Voltage? The measure of energy given to the charge flowing in a circuit. The greater the voltage, the greater the force or “pressure” that drives the charge through the circuit.

Difference b/t Volts and Amps Example – you could say that… Amps measure how much water comes out of a hose. Volts measure how hard the water comes out of a hose.

Resistance = Voltage / Current Ohm’s Law Resistance = Voltage / Current Ohms = Volts / Amps

What is an electromagnet? Electromagnet – a magnet made from a current bearing coil of wire wrapped around an iron or steel core.

What is a generator? Generator – a machine that changes mechanical energy to electrical energy Usually use moving magnets to create currents in coils of wire.

What is a motor? Motor – a device that changes electrical energy to mechanical energy that can do work.

Creating Electromagnets Lab

Practice with Ohm’s Law Volts Amps 4 100 25 15 150 10 2 30 9 45 5 6 48 8