Presentation on the release of the research report: 14 Nov Nantes Kelder & Rudolph Zinn - AfriForum ©Copyright AfriForum & R Zinn 1

AIMS & OBJECTIVES Aim Aim –To propose a basic community safety network –Also developed an example of a best practice business model Objectives Objectives –Collect information on efficient community safety networks –Identify: »Critical factors to the efficient functioning and »continued existence of a network »An organisational framework for an efficient community safety network »The functions an efficient community safety network performs 2Copyright

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Literature review of local and international literature Literature review of local and international literature Mainly qualitative study (empirical) Mainly qualitative study (empirical) Population and sampling Population and sampling –No database of community safety networks in SA –Started with effective networks known to researchers –Snowball sampling during interviews –Used and internet to request reference to effective networks –Non probability sampling »Interviewed 19 respondents »Involved in 13 networks 3Copyright

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Different strata identified in population Different strata identified in population –Economic spectrum –Geographical strata »Rural, farming, city neighbourhoods (including so- called former township), business district Semi structured interviews Semi structured interviews Interview guide Interview guide –44 questions (some with sub-questions) Longitudinal study Longitudinal study »Send out questionnaires »Methodology described in report 4Copyright

The current situation as far as crime is concerned in SA 5

Total number of crimes reported to SAPS (20 categories – 2,4% reduction for last year) 6 Copyright

CONTACT & CONTACT RELATED CRIME: DISPROPORSIONALLY HIGH PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL CRIME Contact and contact related crime represented 37.2% of all serious crime reported to SAPS in 2010/2011 Contact and contact related crime represented 37.2% of all serious crime reported to SAPS in 2010/2011 7Copyright

Contact Crime in the RSA: 2010/2011 8Copyright

TRIO CRIMES: STATISTICS The vast majority of house robberies, carjackings, business robberies, cash-in-transit (CIT) heists and bank robberies are committed with firearms and shots are frequently fired at victims. The vast majority of house robberies, carjackings, business robberies, cash-in-transit (CIT) heists and bank robberies are committed with firearms and shots are frequently fired at victims. ‘Randomness’ and ‘unpredictability’ of these crimes ‘Randomness’ and ‘unpredictability’ of these crimes Ratio: 203 per Ratio: 203 per Trio crimes consitantly increased from 05/06 to 08/09 Trio crimes consitantly increased from 05/06 to 08/09 ‘Leveled off’ in 09/10 ‘Leveled off’ in 09/10 Significant decrease in 10/11 of car hijacking (23,6%) and house robbery (10.1%) Significant decrease in 10/11 of car hijacking (23,6%) and house robbery (10.1%) Source: Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC), SAPS HQ, Pretoria 9Copyright

Trio crimes reported to SAPS 10 Copyright

Volume crime & the threat near home 11

Volume crime reported to SAPS (2010/2011) 12Copyright

HIGHEST RISK AREA Most hijackings take place at entrance to yard or in neighbourhood (stop streets, traffic lights, shopping malls etc.) Most hijackings take place at entrance to yard or in neighbourhood (stop streets, traffic lights, shopping malls etc.) An estimated 50% of all vehicle theft, theft out of or from vehicles, common theft and street robberies occur at or near homes of victims An estimated 50% of all vehicle theft, theft out of or from vehicles, common theft and street robberies occur at or near homes of victims The changes based on time spend, crime patterns etc in residential neighbourhood or at work make these the places were you will most likely be a victim of crime The changes based on time spend, crime patterns etc in residential neighbourhood or at work make these the places were you will most likely be a victim of crime –Similar to motor vehicle accidents were most accidents occur in a 2 kilometer radius from home 13Copyright

Home and Neighbourhood highest risk area 14Copyright

Findings & Recommendations Regarding Community Safety Networks 15

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Main purpose of a community safety network Main purpose of a community safety network –Restore a sense of security –Closely knit community and a more positive attitude –Progression of activities The beginnings of a community safety network The beginnings of a community safety network –High crime (‘When you hear the Lion’s roar’) –A few individuals who took the initiative –Resistance Actions to mobilise the broader community Actions to mobilise the broader community –Biggest motivator to get involved “is the fear of crime” –Mass meetings, media –Contact with victims after an incident “good” opportunity to motivate –Publicity of successes of the network “ success give hope” 16Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Actions to retain the involvement of members of the community Actions to retain the involvement of members of the community –Major challenge –Interest wane in the absence of immediate threat of crime –Providing other services to the community – cleaning and maintenance of the neigbourhood –‘Mini’ municipality Key lessons in the development of a community safety network: Key lessons in the development of a community safety network: –Structure »Initially not important »Base of the structure must be functional 17Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Key lessons continue: Key lessons continue: –Infrastructure »Lack of infrastructure not insurmountable problem »Only becomes a problem when expanding and for sustainability »New equipment – trial period –Communication »Communication network essential »Mahube Crime Prevention – whistle »Radio network primary »Separate channels dedicated for different purposes »Radio speak and call signals »Various forms of technology (sms, cellphones, , websites) 18Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Key lessons continue: Key lessons continue: –Management style »Open, democratic and friendly style »Respect, commitment, dedication »Charismatic »In case of specific re-actions, more ‘military style’ command required –Finances »Finances not important to start »Used own finances to start off »Lack of funds is a constraint for expansion »Business model more sustainable »Business model – allows for additional services - upgrading of roads and parks »CID – stable income 19Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Respondents’ expectations with regard to an ideal community safety network Respondents’ expectations with regard to an ideal community safety network »Will develop into sustainable model as far as involvement and financial support »Community participation is an integral part Critical factors determining the success of a community safety network Critical factors determining the success of a community safety network –Various critical factor (see report for detail) »Strong and good leadership »Stay within scope of legislation »Winning image »Render a complete service including municipal services »Contingency planning, effective crime threat analysis »Simple values, principles and actions within the reach of the community 20Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A community safety network’s most important crime prevention tasks A community safety network’s most important crime prevention tasks –Visible patrols are the biggest deterrent for criminals –Patrol vehicles should be identifiable (green lights) –To provide police and security companies with information –Monitor and manage security service providers’ services –Get public spaces in neighbourhood back under control of residents –Foster and maintain good communication and good human relationship with the community –Conduct crime information analysis to inform intelligence led initiatives –Networking with regard to crime prevention with other role-players, neighbouring suburbs, support services 21Copyright

Recommendations 22

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations Recommendations Role out community safety networks in all areas Role out community safety networks in all areas Get networks to collaborate, communicate and share information Get networks to collaborate, communicate and share information Establish a forum for networks to meet and deliberate on best practices Establish a forum for networks to meet and deliberate on best practices Develop a code of ethics/conduct for networks Develop a code of ethics/conduct for networks Establish an integrated database (Examples of internet-based databanks and information analysis software) Establish an integrated database (Examples of internet-based databanks and information analysis software) Develop measures to ensure sustainability of networks Develop measures to ensure sustainability of networks –Business model –Steady financial income –Additional services to community Effective cooperation with CPF’s and other support services Effective cooperation with CPF’s and other support services 23 Copyright

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Law and justice should be respected Law and justice should be respected Introduce measures to be able to ensure and enforce quality service from security service providers Introduce measures to be able to ensure and enforce quality service from security service providers Lobby Minister of Police for support Lobby Minister of Police for support –Legalising use of revolving green lights on patrol vehicles –Reviving the police reservist function (where it has became stagnant) –Addressing the reasons why some police officers do not support or participate in community safety actions –Looking at measures to facilitate better cooperation between SAPS and community safety networks –Finding a way of sharing relevant crime information between SAPS and networks but also vice versa –Legislation similar to CID to finance networks 24 Copyright

Overview of frameworks for an efficient safety network (Annexure A, B, C) 25

Thank you 26

27 Mr Nantes Kelder Head: Investigations AfriForum Tel: Prof Rudolph Zinn Senior Lecturer College of Law School of Criminal Justice Department Police Practice Unisa Tel: