 Not caused by pathogens  Cannot be transmitted to other people  Risk factors: ◦ Genetics ◦ Life-style ◦ Environmental factors

 Determined by genes  Congenital disease is present at birth ◦ Others don’t show up until later in life  Familial Disease Tendency ◦ Disease runs in family

 Recessive gene disorders ◦ Need recessive gene from both parents ◦ Can be a carrier ◦ Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell anemia  Down syndrome ◦ Born with extra chromosome

 Sex-linked disorders ◦ Linked to x chromosome (female) ◦ Can be recessive in females ◦ Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy

 Pollution  Smoke  Sunlight  Radiation  Altitude  Water

 Diet  Obesity  Exercise  Alcohol  Tobacco  Stress  Sleep

1. Heart disease: 631, Cancer: 559, Stroke : 137,119 ◦ (CDC, 2006)

 Disease of Cardiovascular system  CV system is… ◦ Heart ◦ Blood Vessels  Arteries  Vein  Capillaries ◦ Blood

 Hypertension  Arteriosclerosis  Atherosclerosis  Heart Attack  Stroke  Arrhythmias  Heart Valve Disorder  Varicose Veins

 High Blood Pressure  Normal=120/80  Over 120/80= At risk  High=150/90  Thickening of blood vessel walls  Narrows passageways for blood

 Hardening of the arteries  Narrows blood vessels & blocks blood flow  Atherosclerosis ◦ Fat deposits in blood vessels

 Caused by lack of oxygen delivery to cells  Coronary heart disease ◦ Blockage of coronary arteries ◦ Caused by fat deposits and/or blood clots ◦ Causes heart attack  Cardiac Arrest ◦ Entire heart stops

 Disrupts blood flow to brain  No oxygen to brain  Brain cells die  Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or burst arteries  Aneurysm ◦ Weak spot in blood vessel that can burst

 Effects ◦ Speech ◦ Senses ◦ Movement ◦ Memory ◦ Behavior ◦ Depending on side of the brain

 4 valves in heart  2 between atria & ventricle  2 between heart & arteries  Bypass Surgery

Arrhythmias  Abnormal heart beat  Pacemaker  Defibrillator Varicose Veins Large blue veinsLarge blue veins One-way valves don’t workOne-way valves don’t work

 Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG) ◦ Graphs electrical impulses and heart beats  Stress Test ◦ ECG during exercise  Chest X-Ray ◦ Picture of heart

 Don’t smoke  Exercise regularly  Manage stress  Manage diet ◦ Avoid saturated fat & cholesterol ◦ Replace red meat with chicken and fish ◦ Eat more fruits & veggies ◦ Avoid sweets, oils, & fats

 Define the 5 different types of cancer?  What is the difference between benign & malignant tumors?  What is metastasis? How does it occur?  What causes cancer?  5XI 5XI

 Types ◦ Skin ◦ Lung ◦ Mouth ◦ Throat ◦ Leukemia ◦ Breast ◦ Colon ◦ Cervix ◦ Prostate ◦ Testicular

 TypesRisk Factors ◦ SkinL, E, G ◦ LungL, E, ◦ MouthL, E ◦ ThroatL, E ◦ LeukemiaL, E, G ◦ BreastL, E, G ◦ ColonE, G ◦ CervixL ◦ ProstateL, G ◦ TesticularL, G

 Unexplained weight loss  Fever  Fatigue  Pain  Skin changes  Thickening/ lumps  Unusual bowel movements  Unusual bleeding

 Early detection!!!!!!!!  Screening ◦ Self-test ◦ Pap-test  Cervical examination ◦ Colonoscopy  Looks inside colon ◦ Biopsy  Removal of cell/ tissue for examination

 Chemotherapy ◦ Drugs that kill cancer cell ◦ Often taken in combination ◦ Pill or injection form  Radiation Therapy ◦ Radiation can stop growth/ division of cancer cells  Surgery ◦ Removal of tumor or cancer cells

 Avoid tobacco.  Avoid alcohol.  Protect against the sun.  Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens.  Increase fiber intake.  Reduce fiber intake.  Eat balanced diet.  Self-test.  Get regular physical activity.  Surgery

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 Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are they different? How are they similar?  Describe angiogenesis. What does it do? Why does this help increase heart health?  Describe the symptoms of heart disease.