underweight affect your How does being underweight affect your physical health? BY ANTHONY HORTIS, Sammy antoni

BEING UNDER WEIGHT By Sammy Antoni & Anthony Hortis IT’S A PROBLEM, IT NEEDS TO BE STOPPED

Anorexia Anorexia is a mental disorder which deceives the victim into thinking they are overweight. This may lead to them starving themselves. This will cause frequent damage to the heart, liver and kidneys. This may also lead to loss of hair, muscle weakness and joint pain. In some cases the victim starves themselves to death. Anorexia and Bulimia: Health Risks - Anorexia symptoms: ~ frequently damage to the heart, liver and kidneys by not eating enough ~ They lose their hair ~ Experience muscle weakness ~ joint pain ~ (sometimes) starvation to death

Bulimia Bulimia is a similar disease to anorexia. People with bulimia have episodes of significant overeating and feel out of control. The victim then vomits their food out to prevent further weight gain. This may cause damage to the damage to the stomach, teeth, throat, and brain. This can also lead to death. - Bulimia symptoms (due to excessively vomiting) ~ stomach damage ~ damaged teeth and throat ~ heart failure ~ brain damage ~ death

Reasons for being underweight There are many reasons for being underweight, these are some of them: - High metabolism - Skipping meals - eating on the run - illness - injury - active lifestyles - stress - eating food with inefficient nutrition Most of these reasons don’t raise any concerns but illness, stress, skipping meals and insufficient nutrition are all issues. Type 1 Diabetes - This is when your body lacks insulin which is needed to process sugars - this may result in the loss of weight Weight Gain Needs - Reasons for being underweight ~ High metabolism ~ Skipping meals ~ Eating on the run ~ Illness ~ Injury ~ Active lifestyles ~ Stress ~ Eating the wrong foods that don't have enough nutrition - some of these reasons don't raise concerns - Illness, stress, skipping meals and insufficient nutrient are all issues Immune System Deficiencies - Vitamin deficiency and being under weight affect the effectiveness of your immune system - You can use weight gain supplements of calorie supplements

Infertile (Women) Women who are underweight are at risk of being infertile. Infertile means they are not able become pregnant. There are many reasons why they can’t be fertile. - You need to have enough fat to sustain a healthy growing baby. - If you are underweight you cannot ovulate. This means that your body can’t release the egg to be fertilized. - Being underweight can also cause you to miss your monthly cycle. In some cases you may not have a monthly cycle at all. Gaining weight almost always increases chance of pregnancy Infertility - Under weight women are at the risk of infertility - women need a certain amount of fat in order to sustain a healthy growing baby - gaining weight almost always improve chances of pregnace

Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a common side effect of being underweight. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes your bones to become fragile and easily broken. In most people, their hips, spine and wrist is where their bone is most likely to break. Osteoporosis is caused by: - insufficient calcium, which is needed to strengthen your bones. Due to under eating you don’t get enough of this vitamin - Not getting enough exercise - insufficient vitamin D - alcohol abuse and smoking A balanced diet with plenty of calcium will prevent osteoporosis

Anemia Anemia is a health risk of being underweight. This is usually measured by the decrease in haemoglobin (red pigment) in the red blood cells. The red pigment is the oxygen in your blood. This is why used blood is blue, because it is lacking in oxygen. The symptoms of anaemia are: - Fatigue - pain in the chest - shortness of breath If you have anemia you should focus on a weight gain diet Anaemia - anaemia is a health risk of being underweight - This is usually measured by the decrease in haemoglobin (the red pigment) in the red blood cells that transport oxygen - the symptoms of anaemia are: ~ fatigue ~ pain in the chest ~ shortness of breath - if you have anaemia you should focus on a weight gain diet

Determining if You Are Underweight: BMI BMI stands for Body Mass Index. Doctors use BMI to see if you have an appropriate weight for your height and weight . To calculate your body mass, you divide your weight in pounds by your height in inches squared and then multiply the result by 703 Sam tested his BMI and found that it was 20.3. below 13 serious anorexia 13-14, underweight, anorexia 14,18, normal weight 19,21 normal weight, longest life expectancy 22-26, overweight 27-31 obesity above 3 grave obesity Determining if you are underweight: Your BMI - To calculate your body mass, you divide your weight in pounds by your height in inches squared and then multiply the result by 703 - The weight status according to BMI is as follows: Below 18.5 = Underweight, 18.5 to 24.9 = Normal, 25.0 to 29.9 = Overweight, 30.0 and Above = Obese.

How does being under weight affect your physical health? By Anthony Hortis, Sammy Antoni & Austin

FITNESS If you are an anorexic you are usually less fit. No body fat. Weak bones. Worse heart and worse cholesterol. Fit people Anorexic people

MUSCLE There is no fat on your body so you cant turn it in to muscle. While you are anorexic you are unable to gain any muscle.

PHYSICAL FEATURES Little to no body fat. Dry, flaky skin. Hair (on the head) loss, dullness, thinning, loss of "shine“ Weakness, fainting, and dizziness Low heart rate, low blood pressure, and low body temperature Depression Organ malfunction, weakening, or failure Malnutrition / starvation (which can be fatal)

Bibliography http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001381/ http://weightgain.lifetips.com/cat/61224/health-risks-of-being-underweight/index.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001381/ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_anorexia_effect_people_mentally_and_physically http://caloriecount.about.com/recovering-anorexia-gaining-muscle-mass-ft81663