Ethnobotanical surveys

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Presentation transcript:

Ethnobotanical surveys Roeland Kindt

Outline What is ethnobotany Rapid or in-depth surveys Herbarium specimens Selection of informants Estimating the completeness of surveys Local classification systems Bioprospecting

What is ethnobotany interactions of people and plants biological ethnobotany: economic botany (species, local names, uses) anthropological ethnobotany: cultural context (holistic)

Rapid or in-depth surveys Rapid: PRA, planning In-depth: holistic, statistically sound herbarium specimens use classification systems environment, people and interactions phonetic bioprospecting economic validation

Herbarium specimens Botanical identity Fieldpress: frame, straps, newspaper, blotting paper, ventilators Field notebook: label information, local identification (name, smell, taste, exudates, bark characterististics, charcoal, …) Plant dryer? Voucher: all parts (fertile), presentation (fill) Duplicates for herbaria Newspapers and time

Selection of informants As for PRA: random (populations), targeted (specialists) Avoid bias (season, location) Local specialist user groups living specimens (herbarium?) context permanent forest plots

Estimate completeness Breath: categories surveyed/total Depth: Σ (subcategories surveyed/total) / total Replication: number of samples / total floristic or ethnofloristic categories stop when breath and depth remain the same, while replication is sufficient

Local classification systems plant names primary name (wattle) secondary name (black wattle) complex primary name (peppertree) “I don’t know”, “flower”, “fruit” under- or overdifferentiation Local specialists parallel classification systems (general vs. medicinal)

Bioprospection Potential But: 60 % top 150 prescription drugs 5-15 % of 250-500 K plant spp. sampled 1 / 5-10 K molecules screened drug But: micro-organisms, marine, insects, animal and human genetics, bioinformatics more focus on development of screens to use on molecular libraries

Bioprospection (2) Ethnobotanical surveys more successful in detecting biological activity but: screens not always available IPR but: only half of pharmaceutical companies use ethnobotanical info, and 80% only from literature searches, mainly after detection Alternative: confirm activity of local medicine and provide feedback (domestication)

Ethnobotany and tree domestication Uses and management Priority setting Local classification Validation (market surveys) Participatory approach to domestication (selection)

Local management of diversity