Using the Internet Chapter 3

Announcements  Everyone should have a textbook and MyITLab code. If you do not, please go to the bookstore at the break.  Chapter 1 Homework: Due 2/04  Windows 7 Simulator  Homework 1  Chapter 2 Homework: Due 2/04  Binary Worksheet  Homework 2  Chapter 3 Homework: Due 2/06

Objectives  What is the Internet?  History of the Internet  Forms of Internet communication  Web entertainment  E-commerce  Web browsers  URLs  Hyperlinks  Search Engines  Improving Search Results  Evaluating Web Sites  Data traveling across Internet  Connecting to the Internet

History of the Internet  Developed for secure military communication  Evolved from Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)  Funded by the U.S. government in the 1960’s  Enabled computers at leading universities and research organizations to communicate with each other

A Network

An Inter-network

Internet Map ~ 1998 Internet Map ~ 2010 The Internet

Internet Clients and Servers  The Internet is a client/server network  Client computer  Users connected to the Internet  Requests information from the Internet  Server computer  Stores Web pages and data  Responds to client requests  IP addresses

The Internet The World Wide Web Online GamingInstant MessageVOIP (Skype)File Transfer (FTP)

Connecting to the Internet  Requires an Internet Service Provider (ISP)  ISP provides a wire to your house that is connected to a modem. The modem is your “anchor” to the Internet.  Your computer connects to the modem

Different Types of Connections  Dial-up: Mostly obsolete. Uses a phone line. Must “place a call” each time you wish to connect.  Satellite: Useful for areas without phone service. Slightly faster than Dial-up.  Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Always connected. Uses a phone line but does not tie up the line. Significantly faster than dial-up.  Cable: Provided by your cable TV provider. Faster than DSL.  Fiber-Optics: Currently the fastest possible connection. Only available in a few locations.

History of the Web 1989 Invented by Tim Berners-Lee 1993 Mosaic browser released 1994 Netscape Navigator 1997 Internet goes global

History of the Web  Created by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland  Invented as a way of linking research documents

Hyper Text Markup Language  “Markup” text with codes to describe how to display  A simple example  Produces Introduction to Computers

Hyper Text Markup Language  A complete example My First HTML Hello Interweb Minions!

Web Browsers  Enables graphical representation of Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)  Popular browsers:  Microsoft Internet Explorer  Google Chrome / Chromium  Apple Safari  Mozilla Firefox  Opera

Browser Features  Quick Tabs: Show thumbnail images of all open web pages  Tabbed browsing: Multiple pages available in the same browser window  Bookmarks/Favorites: A list of your favorite websites  History: A list of your past Web travels  Built-in search engine(s)  Plug-ins  Add new features to a browser (Ex: Flash)  Sometimes those features can be malicious!

URLs  Uniform Resource Locator  Every web page has a unique URL to identify it on the Web

Top-Level Domains (TLD) Domain NameWho can use.comCommercial entities*.orgNon-Profit Organizations*.netNetworking Organizations*.eduEducational Institutions.milUS Military.govUS Government (Local, State, National) *No longer restricted

Web Site Features  Text/Information  Graphics  Video  Navigation  Menus  Breadcrumbs  Hyperlinks

 Electronic mail  Asynchronous communication  Types of accounts  Client-based (requires client software)  Outlook, Thunderbird, iMail  Web-based (uses your browser)  Allows to be used from any computer  Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo, Outlook.com  Not private  Can be printed or forwarded  Employer can monitor (legally)

Etiquette  Be concise and to the point  TLDR – Too Long, Didn’t Read  Use spell-check  Avoid “texting” abbreviations  Include a meaningful subject line  Use emoticons (smilies) sparingly  Include a signature line with contact information  Do not type in all capital letters  Considered “Shouting”

Instant Messaging  Real-time, text-based conversations  Personal & business uses  Lists of contacts: “buddy” or “friends” list  IM software detects members’ presence  Example: AOL Instant Messenger

Group Communication  Chat rooms  Newsgroups  Forums  Blogs & vlogs  Wikis  Podcasts & webcasts  Social networks

Chat Rooms, Newsgroups, and Forums  Chat rooms  Real-time, text-based conversations  Can focus on specific topics or interests or be general interest  Username can allow anonymous interaction  Newsgroups & Forums  Online discussion forums  Members post and reply to messages  Create or respond to “threads”  Can be thought of as “public ”

Blogs & Vlogs  Personal journals posted on the Web  Web logs: Blogs  Primarily text/image based  Simple to create, read, and manage  Entries listed on a single page, with most recent entry at the top  Searchable  Video logs: Vlogs  Video version of a weblog, usually recorded by a webcam and uploaded to youtube.

Wikis  Wikis: Web sites that allow anyone to change the content  Provides a source for collaborative writing  Eliminate exchanging s  Track revisions  Example:  – Publicly edited encyclopedia  – Publicly edited books

Podcasts  Podcasts: Audio/Video files distributed on the Internet  Really Simple Syndication (RSS) technology allows constant updates for subscribers

Webcasts  Broadcasts of audio/video content over the Internet  Usually live  Similar to watching live TV on your computer (no rewind/pause/etc.)  NBC broadcasted the 2012 Olympics

Web 2.0 Web interactions among people, software, and data Social web where the user is also a participant New applications that combine the functions of multiple applications

Social Networks  Used to communicate and share information among immediate friends & family  Meet and connect with others through common interests, experiences, and friends  Examples: Facebook, Google+, Twitter  Members communicate by voice, chat, IM, and videoconference  Growth has been explosive

Twitter  Social networking and microblogging service that enables you to exchange short text messages in real time with your friends, called “followers”  Twitter messages, called tweets, are limited to 140 characters  Businesses are using Twitter to respond to customer queries or to broadcast new services or products

Secure Web Sites  Display:  VeriSign seal on the website (Do not rely on this!)  Closed padlock or key icon on address bar  Green address bar  URL changes from to http s ://

E-Commerce  Conducting business online (usually involving financial transactions)  Business-to-consumer (B2C)  bestbuy.com  amazon.com  Business-to-business (B2B)  cdw.com  Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)  ebay.com  craigslist.org  etsy.com

Online Shopping Guidelines  Only shop at well-known, reputable sites  Avoid making online transactions when using public computers  Pay by credit card, not debit card  Check the return policy

Search Engines  Automatically scour the Internet looking for websites  Indexes the words on the website  Allows users to search  Employ extremely advanced algorithms to provide the most likely results  Important because fewer than 5% of people navigate to the 2 nd page of results!

How to Improve Search Results  Place quotation marks around phrases  “How to build a computer”  Use only the least common words  build computer  Use a minus “-” to eliminate words  build computer -intel

Ethics  What can I “borrow” from the Internet?  Anything in the Public Domain  Avoid  Plagiarism: representing someone else’s ideas or work as your own  Copyright violation: Using another person’s material for your own gain  Properly credit information you quote or paraphrase  Obtain written permission from copyright holder

Evaluating Web Sites  Who is the author of the article or Web site sponsor?  Is the site biased?  Is the information current?  Toward what audience is the site geared?  Are the links available?  The same information should be available on at least three sites  Not good enough alone due to news aggregation

Future of the Internet  Google is testing Internet connections that are 1000x faster than current available speeds.  Large Scale Networking  Government sponsored research and development of cutting edge network technologies  Internet2  Currently only available to interconnect major universities and government.  Separate from the Internet