The Impact of the Enlightenment

The Arts The Arts Architecture and Art Architecture and Art Balthasar Neuman- Church of 14 Saints, The Residence (Palace of Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg) Balthasar Neuman- Church of 14 Saints, The Residence (Palace of Prince-Bishop of Wurzburg) Baroque and neoclassical dominated, but Rococo spread in 1730’s Baroque and neoclassical dominated, but Rococo spread in 1730’s Rococo stressed grace, charm and gentle action. The lightness and charm spoke of the pursuit of pleasure, happiness and love Rococo stressed grace, charm and gentle action. The lightness and charm spoke of the pursuit of pleasure, happiness and love

Music Music Baroque Baroque a. Johann Sebastian Bach- organist as well as composer from Germany a. Johann Sebastian Bach- organist as well as composer from Germany b. George Frederick Handel- German but lived in England best known for Messiah b. George Frederick Handel- German but lived in England best known for Messiah

Classical Classical Franz Joseph Haydn- Preformed for Hungarian Princes best known for The Creation and The Seasons Franz Joseph Haydn- Preformed for Hungarian Princes best known for The Creation and The Seasons Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- Child prodigy wrote the Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute and Don Giovanni Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- Child prodigy wrote the Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute and Don Giovanni

Literature Literature Novels became popular and often times reflected on different parts of English society Novels became popular and often times reflected on different parts of English society Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism Enlightened Absolutism- rulers tried to govern by enlightenment ideas while maintaining their royal power Enlightened Absolutism- rulers tried to govern by enlightenment ideas while maintaining their royal power

Prussia: Prussia: –Fredrick William II Doubled the size of the Army although one of the smaller countries in Europe had the 4th largest over France, Russia and Austria Doubled the size of the Army although one of the smaller countries in Europe had the 4th largest over France, Russia and Austria Became one of the best armies in Europe Became one of the best armies in Europe Nobles enlisted serfs and became officers believed in duty obedience and sacrifice Nobles enlisted serfs and became officers believed in duty obedience and sacrifice

–Fredrick II or Fredrick the Great Enlightenment Monarch invited Voltaire to live in court Abolished use of torture except in treason and murder Gave limited freedom of speech and press complete religious toleration Kept ridged serfdom and social structure

Austrian Empire Austrian Empire –Maria Theresa She was an Empress, worked to centralize the Austrian Empire but was not open to enlightenment ideas She was an Empress, worked to centralize the Austrian Empire but was not open to enlightenment ideas

–Joseph II Abolished serfdom, eliminated the death penalty, equality of the law, religious toleration His programs failed, alienated Nobles, the Catholic church, serfs were unhappy because they could not understand the drastic changes that were brought upon His gravestone reads “Here lies Joseph II who was unfortunate in everything that he undertook”

Russia under Catherine the Great Russia under Catherine the Great –Catherine the Great Invited Denis Didrot to Russia asked to be spoken to “Man to Man” Invited Denis Didrot to Russia asked to be spoken to “Man to Man” Considered the idea of a new law code that would recognize the principle of the equality of all people in the eyes of the law, but did nothing Considered the idea of a new law code that would recognize the principle of the equality of all people in the eyes of the law, but did nothing Favoring Russian nobility led to worse conditions for peasants Favoring Russian nobility led to worse conditions for peasants Led by an illiterate Cossack Emelyan Pugachev spread across in the southern Russia by collapsed Led by an illiterate Cossack Emelyan Pugachev spread across in the southern Russia by collapsed Rural reform was halted, serfdom was expanded Rural reform was halted, serfdom was expanded Russia moved Southward to the Black Sea and took over half of Poland Russia moved Southward to the Black Sea and took over half of Poland

Enlightened Absolutism?

War of the Austrian Succession War of the Austrian Succession 1740 Charles VI died was succeeded by Maria Theresa, Fredrick II of Prussia invaded Silesia 1740 Charles VI died was succeeded by Maria Theresa, Fredrick II of Prussia invaded Silesia France entered the war against Austria and Austria made an alliance with England. France entered the war against Austria and Austria made an alliance with England.

The War of the Austrian Succession ( ) The War of the Austrian Succession ( ) Prussia seized Silesia; France occupied Austrian Netherlands Prussia seized Silesia; France occupied Austrian Netherlands France took Madras in India from British France took Madras in India from British British captured French fortress of Louisburg at the entrance of St. Lawrence River. British captured French fortress of Louisburg at the entrance of St. Lawrence River. Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle in 1748 returned all occupied territories except Silesia to original owners Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle in 1748 returned all occupied territories except Silesia to original owners

Seven Years War Seven Years War Maria Teresa rebuilt the army while worked to separate Prussia from France Maria Teresa rebuilt the army while worked to separate Prussia from France New Allies New Allies Rivalry between France and Britain over colonial empires Rivalry between France and Britain over colonial empires France abandoned Prussia and allied with Austria France abandoned Prussia and allied with Austria Russia saw Prussia as a major threat joined with Austria and France Russia saw Prussia as a major threat joined with Austria and France Britain allied with Prussia Britain allied with Prussia

The War in Europe The War in Europe Britain and Prussia vs. Austria, France, and Russia Britain and Prussia vs. Austria, France, and Russia Fredrick the Great from Prussia was able for a while to defeat Austria, France and Russian armies Fredrick the Great from Prussia was able for a while to defeat Austria, France and Russian armies Peter III new Czar withdrew troops from the conflict and from Prussian lands that Russians occupied. Peter III new Czar withdrew troops from the conflict and from Prussian lands that Russians occupied. Created a stalemate and led to need for peace Created a stalemate and led to need for peace Ended in 1763 all territories were returned to their original owners and Austria official recognized Prussia in permanent control of Silesia Ended in 1763 all territories were returned to their original owners and Austria official recognized Prussia in permanent control of Silesia

The War in India The War in India French returned Madras to Britain after the War of the Austrian Succession French returned Madras to Britain after the War of the Austrian Succession British won out but only because they were more persistent British won out but only because they were more persistent Treaty of Paris 1763 French withdrew and left India Treaty of Paris 1763 French withdrew and left India

The War in North America The War in North America French colonies were set up as trading post French colonies were set up as trading post British colonies were set up as towns and had more people living there British colonies were set up as towns and had more people living there Fought over the Gulf of St. Lawrence River and the Ohio river valley Fought over the Gulf of St. Lawrence River and the Ohio river valley France got the Indians on their side because they were seen as less of a threat France got the Indians on their side because they were seen as less of a threat France scored a number of victories in the beginning but William Pitt said that in order to create a British Empire France would have to be destroyed so they focused their attention on North America France scored a number of victories in the beginning but William Pitt said that in order to create a British Empire France would have to be destroyed so they focused their attention on North America Britain Navy won out Britain Navy won out Treaty of Paris transferred parts of Canada, Great Lakes, and the Ohio Valley to Britain Treaty of Paris transferred parts of Canada, Great Lakes, and the Ohio Valley to Britain Florida and Louisiana to Britain even though controlled by Spain Florida and Louisiana to Britain even though controlled by Spain 1763 Great Britain became the World’s greatest colonial power 1763 Great Britain became the World’s greatest colonial power