Classifying Organisms Ch. 1 Classifying Organisms

Classify- to put things into groups Vocabulary Classify- to put things into groups Kingdom- the highest or most general group of organisms Phylum- the second level of classification below the level of kingdom Class- the level of classification below phylum

Species- the lowest level of classification Vocabulary Species- the lowest level of classification Vertebrate- an organism with a backbone Invertebrate- animals without backbones

Lesson 1 Why do we classify? Biologists classify a living thing by comparing and contrasting the living thing’s physical characteristics with the physical characteristics or known organisms A classification systems helps organize information and makes communication more exact. What dog are you thinking of?

This is what I was thinking of.

Classification Systems Today’s classification system was developed by many people and is still changing The seven levels of classification are: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Classification Systems The six KINGDOMS of living things are: Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Classification Systems Archaebacteria- live as single cells. Many do not need oxygen or sunlight to live Eubacteria- single cells that have materials not found in archaebacteria Protists- most protists are single cells, but some have many cells. Algae are protists

Classification Systems Fungi- Mushrooms and molds are fungi. Fungi can be made of one or many cells Plants- plants have many cells and make their own sugar for food Animals- Animals have many cells and get their food by eating other organisms

Lesson 2 How do we classify vertebrates? Every animal has characteristics that distinguish it from all other animals Vertebrates: They are multi-cellular. They are made of more than one cell They do not create their own food. They can move on their own during part of or all their lives.

Vertebrates Almost all animals do not have backbones. Those that do are classified as vertebrates. Vertebrates: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Characteristics of Mammals Breathe air with lungs Make milk for their young Most mammals have fur Warm blooded Babies are born looking like their parents

Life Cycle of Mammals Birth Growth Reproduction Death

Characteristics of Reptiles Hatch from eggs Scaly skin Young feed themselves Cold blooded Lay eggs Vertebrates

Hatched (soft shelled eggs) Growth independently Reproduction Death Life Cycle of Reptiles Hatched (soft shelled eggs) Growth independently Reproduction Death

Characteristics of Birds Feathers Young are fed Warm blooded Lay eggs Vertebrates

Growth Reproduction Death Hatched (hard-shelled eggs) Life Cycle of Birds Hatched (hard-shelled eggs) Growth Reproduction Death

Characteristics of Amphibians Soft skin Cold blooded Does not feed young

Life Cycle of Amphibians Metamorphosis- many changes occur during their life Frog’s Life Cycle Egg Tadpole Grow legs and tail gets shorter Develop lungs Start living on land

Characteristics of Fish Scales Cold blooded Do not feed their young Oxygen through gills Live in water

Hatched (soft shelled eggs) Growth independently Reproduction Death Life Cycle of Fish Hatched (soft shelled eggs) Growth independently Reproduction Death

Discovery of Dinosaur Fossils Scientist study fossils to classify animals that lived in the past Fossil evidence indicates that dinosaurs were similar to present day lizards in many ways including: Skeleton with backbone Scales 4 legs Dinosaurs and lizards have different structures for their legs.

Review What are the five types of vertebrates? How many cells does a multicellular organism such as a bear have? Humans are classified as mammals. What can you predict about the life cycle of humans? How are birds and mammals alike? Why is the ability to fly not a defining characteristic of birds?

Review Why are young birds hatched with parents present, while most young reptiles hatch long after parents have left the nest? How are amphibians and reptiles similar? What class of vertebrates did you find if you discovered an animal that hatched from an egg, spent the next stage of its life entirely in water, and then began to get oxygen through lungs rather than gills?

Review Tadpoles may be found in water and get their oxygen using gills. Why are tadpoles not classified as fish? What do scientists compare dinosaur fossils with to classify them? Why do scientists think dinosaurs are more closely related to reptiles than mammals

Lesson 3 How do we classify invertebrates? Invertebrates are by far the most numerous animals on Earth Invertebrate are animals that do NOT have backbones. Invertebrate animals can range in length from microscopic to the width of a basketball court

Invertebrates Classification Mollusks Worms Arthropods Cnidarians

Mollusks Mollusks have soft bodies without backbones. Phylum includes: Snails, Slugs, Clams, Squids (largest invertebrate) Some mollusks get oxygen through their skin and other get oxygen through gills

Worms Flatworms- flat and very thin, they live in wet and damp places Roundworms- can live on water or land Segmented worms- include earthworm

Largest phylum of animals Arthropods Largest phylum of animals Have bodies that are divided into separate parts All arthropods are invertebrates Dichotomous key- an organized series of questions designed to lead to the identification of an unknown organism

Arthropods Examples of Arthropods: Insects Lobsters Spiders Arthropods receive oxygen in different ways: Gills Tubes in the body Book lungs

Dichotomous Key

Review What animals is the largest invertebrate? How are mollusks, worms, and coral different from fish, birds, and reptiles? How do mollusks obtain oxygen? What are the identifying characteristics of arthropods?

Lesson 4 How are other organisms classified? Plants produce their own food Phyla (phylum) includes: Mosses Ferns Conifers Flowering plants Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own sugar for food

Organisms in the plant kingdom are multicellular Plants Vascular plants- have special tubes that carry food and water to parts of the plant Parts of a plant: Roots Leaves Organisms in the plant kingdom are multicellular

Mosses Characteristics of moss: Grows on trees Not vascular No seeds No flowers Grows on trees Small plant with tiny leaf-like structures

Ferns Characteristics of Ferns: Vascular No seeds No flowers Have feather-like leaves Will grow larger than moss because it is vascular

Conifers Characteristics of conifers: Phylum includes: Vascular Has seeds No flowers Phylum includes: Pine, Firs, Spruce Needle-like leaves

Flowering Plants Characteristics of Flowering Plants: Vascular Has seeds Has flowers