Animal Kingdom – Pt 3 Dr. James Whitfield

Phylum - Arthropoda The phylum arthropoda is the largest of all the animal phyla, it includes the insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans.

Phylum - Arthropoda Arthropods have organ level organization. The are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, segmented, coelomate animals

Phylum - Arthropoda Arthropods have organ level organization. The are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, segmented, coelomate animals Arthropods are covered by a chitinous exoskeleton (Chitin is a long chain polymer of glucose similar to cellulose)

Phylum - Arthropoda Arthropods have organ level organization. The are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, segmented, coelomate animals Arthropods are covered by a chitinous exoskeleton (Chitin is a long chain polymer of glucose similar to cellulose) The body consists of a head, thorax and abdomen, with a series of jointed appendages

Phylum - Arthropoda Arthropods have varied respiratory systems which include gills (found in shrimp), book gills (found in horseshoe crabs), book lungs (found in arachnids) or a tracheal system found in insects

Phylum - Arthropoda Arthropods have sensory organs that include, antennae, simple and compound eyes and organs of balance called statocytes

Phylum - Arthropoda Arthropods have sensory organs that include, antennae, simple and compound eyes and organs of balance called statocytes The statocyst consists of a sac-like structure containing a mineralised mass (statolith) and numerous innervated sensory hairs (setae). The statolith's inertia causes it to push against the setae when the animal accelerates. Deflection of setae by the statolith in response to gravity activates neurons, providing feedback to the animal on change in orientation and allowing balance to be maintained.

Phylum - Arthropoda Setae Statolith Statocyte

Phylum - Arthropoda Arthropods contain malphigian tubules for excretion. Malphigian tubules are found in the posterior end of the alimentary canal. They filter material from the hemocoel and transfer it into the digestive system for removsl

Phylum - Arthropoda Most arthropods are oviparous – this means they lay eggs with no internal development. Fertilization however is internal Compare this to mammals that are vivaporous – meaning the embryo develops inside the mother

Economic Importance It is impossible to underestimate the economic importance of arthropods, whether it is a fishing industry supplying crustaceans to World markets, or insects pollinating crops throughout the World, or bees producing honey and wax, and silkworms producing silk, or the morbidity and mortality caused by vectors such as ticks and mosquitos, the World would be a much different place without them Colony Collapse Disorder in the United States

More likely that not attribution to Einstein is apocryphal

Phylum - Molluska The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the animal phylum

Phylum - Molluska The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the animal phylum Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine

Phylum - Molluska The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the animal phylum Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine Mollusks have organ level organization, they have bilateral symmetry. They are triploblastic, coelomate animals

Phylum - Molluska The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the animal phylum Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine Mollusks have organ level organization, they have bilateral symmetry. They are triploblastic, coelomate animals The body of mollusks is covered with a calcium shell and is unsegmented

Phylum - Molluska Mollusks have a head, a muscular foot and a visceral hump (the visceral hump holds the bulk of the digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory systems. A significant part of the visceral hump consists of the mantle) The space between the hump and the mantle (the mantle cavity) contains the respiratory and excretory functions

Phylum - Molluska The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ called a radula composed of rows of tiny teeth used for scraping and drawing into the mouth

Phylum - Molluska The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ called a radula composed of rows of tiny teeth used for scraping and drawing into the mouth Mollusks are diocious and oviparous

Phylum - Echinodermata Echinodermata have a endoskeleton composed of calcified ossicles – hence the name which means spiny bodied

Phylum - Echinodermata Echinodermata have a endoskeleton composed of calcified ossicles – hence the name which means spiny bodied All echinoderms are marine with an organ level system of organization, they are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate animals with a complete digestive system

Phylum - Echinodermata The most distinctive feature of echinoderms is the water vascular system which helps with locomotion, capture and transport of food and respiration

Phylum - Echinodermata Echinoderms are diocious, reproduction is sexual with external fertilization

Phylum - Hemichordata Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is now considered its own phylum

Phylum - Hemichordata Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is now considered its own phylum This phylum consists of a small group of worm-like marine organisms that exhibit bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic coelomates

Phylum - Hemichordata Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is now considered its own phylum This phylum consists of a small group of worm-like marine organisms that exhibit bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic coelomates There body is shaped like a cylinder with an anterior proboscis, a collar and a long trunk

Phylum - Hemichordata Hemichordates are exceptionally important because they are an evolutionary link between the invertebrates and the vertebrates. They contain gill slits like vertebrates, with a notochord in the upper body but no nerve chord