Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia Multi-celled Heterotrophic (Consumer) Has a Nucleus (Eukaryotic) It is the largest Kingdom so far. (See Link) There are over 1.3 million species of Animals

How many of each type of Animal

Invertebrate Animals They do not have a backbone Classification by structure can be done in several ways. Body Plan (See next Slides) Presence or Absence of a Head, Most animals have a head. But, some of the simpler animals like sponges do not have a brain or a head. Food Digestion ( Almost all animals have a gut. A gut is a pouch lined with cells that release powerful enzymes. The enzymes break the food down into very small particles that can be absorbed by the body.

Invertebrate Body Plans Radial Symmetry, Animals with radial symmetry have a body that is organized around the center like spokes on a bicycle wheel.

Invertebrate Body Plans Bilateral Symmetry, Animals with this type of body plan could be split into two resulting in identical halves.

Invertebrate Body Plans Asymmetrical; Animals with this body plan cannot be divided equally into two halves or be the same in any direction.

Invertebrate Groups (Phyla) Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda ,Echinodermata Note: The animal phyla listed above are listed in order of most simple to most complex.

Invertebrate Animals Phyla Vertebrate Animals Classes 1. Phylum Porifera - Have pores in body walls Class Mammals - Have Fur - Make Milk - Have Lungs 2. Phylum Cnidaria - Have Stingers/Nervous System 3. Phylum Platyhelminthes - Have flattened bodies Class Birds - Have Beaks - Have Wings and Feathers - Have Hollow Bones 4. Phylum Nematoda - Have simple brain/round body Class Fish - Have Scales - Have Gills 5. Phylum Annelida - Advanced Nervous/Body Seg. 6. Phylum Mollusca - Have Soft Body/Shells on Some Class Reptiles - Scales and Dry Skin 7. Phylum Arthropoda - Jointed Legs/Exoskeleton Class Amphibians - Thin Skin for H20 - Smooth Skin 8. Phylum Enchinodermata - Have Spines/Simple Nervous

Phylum Porifera: Station 1 This phylum includes the sponges and are the simplest of all animals. They have no brain, nerves or gut. Most are found in the ocean. They have pores in their body walls so that water can enter and they can filter feed.

Porifera Samples and Structural Characteristics Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Porifera (Pores in the body wall) Common Name = Sponges Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual Symmetry = Assymetrical Classification Structures 1. Pores (meaning holes) in the body wall 2. Skeleton of spicules 3. No nervous system (meaning brain, nerves etc.) 4. Few organs and tissues and are multi-celled. Samples: 1A Class Calcarera and Genus Hippospongia 1B Class Calcarera and Genus Grantia

Phylum Cnidaria: Station 2 This phylum include things like Jellyfish, Hydra, and Sea Anemones. They are more complex than sponges. They have a gut, and a nervous system They have tentacles that sting Sea Anemone Hydra Jelly Fish

Cnidaria Samples and Classification Structures Kingdom: Animalia Phlylum: Cnidaria Common Name = Jelly Fish, Sea Anemones, Sea Urchin, Comb Jellies, Hydras, Corals etc. Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual Symmetry = Radial Classification Structures Net like nervous systems Stinging tenacles and are multi-celled They have a body cavity and a mouth but have few organs and tissues. Samples: 2A = Comb Jelly, 2B = Sea Anemone, 2C Jellies

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Station 3 This includes flat worms. They have a head and a gut and even eyes. Examples include flukes and tapeworms. They have flattened bodies Pork Tapeworm

Platyhelminthes Samples and Classification Structures Kingdom Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Common Name = Flat Worms, Tapeworms, Fluke, Planarian. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures Have a mouth but no tail end (blind gut) No hollow area inside and the bodies are flat. Samples: 3A = Class Cestoda (tapeworm) 3B = Class Turbellaria (flatworm)

Phylum Nematodes: Station 4 This group includes parasite type round worms. They are very tiny and round. A single rotten apple lying on the ground could contain as many as 100,000 roundworms. They help break down dead animals and plants to build soil. They have a get and a very simple brain. They are parasites (meaning live on and in other things) and can infect humans. Some of the more popular forms are pin worms and hook worms. These are cylinder (round) shaped worms

Nematoda Samples and Classification Structures Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Common Name = Round Worm. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures Nematodes have round bodies. They have no circulatory system Have a simple nervous system Have two layers of cells tissues and organs. Samples: 4A = Genus Ascaris 4B = Genus Lumbricus Species terrestris

Phylum Annelida: Station 5 These include segmented worms. They have a more advanced nervous system and gut than the more simple invertebrates Bodies are made of identical repeating segments

Annelida Samples and Classification Structures. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida (segmented worms) Common Name = Earth Worms, Delightful rain, and dew. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures Has a true body cavity (coelom). Has a mouth and a tail end. Has a closed circulatory system (meaning blood contained in vessels instead of out in the open) Has a nervous system, and segmented bodies. Samples: No Sample (sorry)

Phylum Mollusca: Station 6 This group includes snails, clams and squid, oysters and more. They have the most advanced nervous system of all invertebrates. You will get to dissect a squid. They have soft bodies and some are covered by a shell. Octopus Squid

Molluska Samples and Classification Structures Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Common Name = squid, octopi, snails, clams, slugs, oysters, etc. . Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures Mollusks have many cell layers They have tissues and organs, They have no body cavity or hollow place They have a nervous system, open circulatory system, and kidneys. Some have gills for breathing in water. Some have shells. Some have a muscular foot for movement. Samples: 6A = Genus Helix (land snail) There are two samples to see.

Phylum Arthropoda: Station 7 This group includes spiders, ticks, insects, and crustaceans and more. This group is the largest group of animals on earth. In fact 75% of all animals are arthropods. This group may have many joints in their legs, a segmented body, an exoskeleton and a very well developed nervous system. Stag Beetle: Class Insecta

Phylum Arthropoda King Crab: Class Crustacea Stag Beetle: Class Insecta Millipede: Class Millipede Centipede: Class Centipede Lynx Spider: Class Arachnida

Arthopod Samples and Classification Structures Kingdom: Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Common Name = insects (class insecta), spiders (class arachnid), crayfish and lobster (class crustacea), rolly polly bugs, scorpians, trilobites (extinct) millipedes and centipedes. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures Have many cell layers 2. Have tissues and organs. Havemany cells, a body cavity, 3 to 400 + pairs of jointed legs, an exoskeleton, Have 2 or 3 body sections, Samples: 7A = Class Crustacea (crayfish) 7B = Class Insecta (lubber grasshopper) 7C = Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crab) 7D = Class Trilobite. THIS ONE IS EXTINCT.

Phylum Echinodermata: Station 8 This includes starfish, and sea urchins and others. They have a simple nervous system similar to the jelly fish. They have spines on their surface. Brittle Star Sea Urchin

Echinodermata Samples and Classification Structures Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Common Name = starfish, sea urchin, britter star, sand dollar, sea cucumbers and etc. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = mostly radial sometimes bilateral. Classification Structures Have spines on the surface and radial symmetry. Have 5 rays or arms Have many cells tissues and organs Have a true body cavity Samples: 8A = Class echnoidea (sea urchin). 8B = Class asteroidea (starfish) 8C = Class echnoidea (sand dollar)

Phylum Chordata (The Vertebrates) These animals have a backbone and skull There are five main classes of the Phylum Chordata: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals and Birds.

Fish Have gills for breathing in water Have scales Have fins for moving There are about 28,100 species of fishes known, they are divided into 4 classes, 59 orders, 490 families and about 4,300 genus groups. The classification system of fish is not unchanging and it will change when we have more knowledge, perhaps from DNA analyses. Class Myxini (Hagfish are eel-shaped, slime-producing, marine fish occasionally called slime eels) Class Cephalspidomorphi (Lampreys or Early Jawless Fish with an eel like body form) Class Chondrichthyes (Sharks and Rays or Cartilage Fish) Osteichthyes (Trout, Salmon and etc.) See Link

Amphibians Most amphibians living today are frogs or salamanders. They are thin skinned and absorb water through the skin. Live in water and on land. Frogs, Toads, Salamanders

Orders of Amphibians Gymnophiona Order Anura Order Anura Order Caecilian Anura Order Frogs and Toads Anura Order Salamanders Newts

Reptiles These are ancient. They are thick skinned and cold blooded. This means that they can’t maintain their own body temperature. They main types of reptiles are crocodiles, alligators, lizards, and snakes. Dry skin and scales and breath air with lungs or lung like structures.

Birds They have beaks instead of jaws and teeth. They also have wings and feathers that adapt them for flight. Breath Air with Lungs or Lung Like Structures

Mammals Have Fur or Hair Breath with Lungs Make Milk with Mammary Glands Give Live Birth and Have a Placenta