Ch. 7, Sec. 2 Life in Ancient China Vocabulary Social Class filial piety Confucianism Daoism Legalism

Chinese Social Classes __________ includes people who share a similar position in society. Early China had 3 main social classes: #1--__________________ Grew rich from farmers who grew crops on land that aristocrats owned. Aristocratic families lived in large estates. Divided up land among his sons. #2--__________________ Paid aristocrats with part of their crops. About 9 out of 10 Chinese were farmers. Lived in small villages w/several families inside village walls.

Chinese Social Classes #3--________________--lowest class. Included shopkeepers, traders, & bankers. Lived in towns and provided goods/services to landowners. Became rich, but still looked down on. Chinese leaders believed govt. officials should not be concerned w/money, therefore not allowing them to have govt. jobs. Chinese families were large—basic building block of Chinese society!!! Many family members meant many helpers in the fields!!! Children expected to work on farms. Practiced ___________--meaning children had to respect parents & elders. _____ were considered more important than _____.

Chinese Social Classes Men Were respected b/c they grew crops. Went to school. Ran government. Fought wars These jobs considered more important than women’s work!!! Women Raised children Managed household. Could not hold govt. posts., but could influence govt. decisions.

Chinese Thinkers Confucius Laozi 3 major theories developed by Chinese thinkers: _____________, _____________, ______________. Confucius Was first great thinker & teacher. Wanted to end problems in China and bring peace to society. Believed people needed to have a sense of _______. _________________ taught that all men w/a talent for govt. should take part in govt. Aristocrats did not like this idea & few leaders listened. Laozi Created _______--philosophy promoting peaceful society.

Chinese Thinkers Hanfeizi Daoists believed people should give up worldly _________. Should turn to nature & the Dao—the force that guides all things. Daoism differs from Confucianism: Confucius—people should work hard to improve the world. Daoism—people should give up their concerns about the world & should seek inner peace & live in harmony w/nature. Hanfeizi Scholar who developed ___________. Argued that honorable men in govt. could not bring peace—needed system of laws. Taught that humans were naturally ______. Felt harsh laws & stiff punishments were needed. Felt strong ruler was needed to keep order. Aristocrats liked legalism b/c it favored force & power, showing no kindness.

Chinese Thinkers Founder Main Ideas Influence on Modern Life Put needs of family and community first. Give up worldly desires in favor of nature and the Dao. Society needs system of harsh laws and strict punishment. Influence on Modern Life Many today accept his idea of duty to family. Ideas helped open up govt. jobs to people w/talent for it. Teaches importance of nature and encourages people to treat it with respect. Developed laws that became important part of Chinese history.

Confucius Says Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it. The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions. If I am walking with two other men, each of them will serve as my teacher. I will pick out the good points of the one and imitate them, and the bad points of the other and correct them in myself. In a country well governed, poverty is something to be ashamed of. In a country badly governed, wealth is something to be ashamed of. It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop. Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous. Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance. Silence is a true friend who never betrays. What the superior man seeks is in himself. What the mean man seeks is in others.

Confucius Says . . . Kind of The end of the day is near when small men make long shadows. Even the greatest of whales is helpless in desert. Man with one chopstick go hungry. Man who keep feet firmly on ground have trouble putting on pants! Man who run behind car get exhausted. Cow with no legs, Ground beef Man who eat crackers in bed wake up feeling crummy Man who live in glass house should change in basement Man who put pea in soup very unclean Man who fart in church sit in own pew