Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy by J. A. Breier, S. N. White, and C. R. German Philosophical Transactions A Volume 368(1922): July 13, 2010 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Mineral and microbial processes occur with distinct variations in several key hydrothermal sub- environments: (a) massive sulphide chimneys, (b) microbial mats and (c) hydrothermal plumes. J. A. Breier et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Raman spectra of minerals common in deep-sea hydrothermal systems, collected in the laboratory from prepared mineral standards and solid test specimens. J. A. Breier et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

The SUPR sampler (a) is a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution designed and built, optical- sensor compatible, multi-sample filtering head interfaced to a McLane Research Laboratories high flow-rate pumping system. J. A. Breier et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Raman photons are scattered to both longer (Stokes scattering) and shorter (anti-Stokes scattering) wavelengths than that of the excitation source. J. A. Breier et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Red (785 nm) excitation is often used to mitigate fluorescence in Raman spectroscopy. J. A. Breier et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society