Chapter 8 Life’s Structure and Classification Living Things Classification Cell Structure Viruses

Section 1 Living Things Organism Any living thing Made of cells Cell The smallest unit of a living thing that carries on the functions of life

6 Characteristics of Living Things Made of cells Grow and Develop Respond to Stimuli Maintain Homeostasis Use Energy Reproduce

3 Need of Living Things A suitable place to live Water Food Name them for the following organisms.

Section 2: Classification All living things are classified using… Binomial Nomenclature 2 word naming system Uses organisms Genus and Species Scientific Name Human Homo sapiens Whitetail Deer Odocoileus virginianus Black Bear Ursus americanus White Oak Quercus alba Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis

Classification System Developed in late 18th century by Carolus Linnaeus. 7 steps Kingdom King Phylum Philip Class Called Order Out Family For Genus Great Species Spaghetti

6 Kingdoms of Life Animal Plants Fungus Protista Eubacteria Vertebrates: mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians Invertebrates: Insects, arachnids, jellyfish, crustaceans Plants Flowering plants Evergreen plants Ferns, mosses, hornworts Fungus Yeast, molds, mushrooms Protista Algae Eubacteria All around us. Live in our stomachs. Others can make us ill. Archaebacteria Can make their own food. Live in deep sea trenches.

Humans’ classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

Section 3: Cell Structure Anton van Leeuwenhoeck Dutch fabric merchant who perfected the microscope. Robert Hooke Cut a thin slice of cork and viewed it under a microscope. Viewed empty little monk “cells” Matt Schleiden and Theordor Schwann Observed plant and animal cells and concluded that all living things are made of cells. Rudolf Virchow Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Cell Theory was formed All organisms are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms All cells come from other cells

CELL PARTS

Animal Cells Cell Memrane Protective layer that surrounds the cell and regulates movement into and out of the cell Cytoplasm Gelatin-like substance that fills the cells and carries on life processes Ribosomes Structure that manufacture proteins Nucleus Contains DNA and controls the cells functions Mitochondria Energy releasing agents, break down food and water Endoplasmic Reticulum Series of folded membranes that move materials throughout the cell Golgi Bodies Package and ship materials within the cell and outside of the cell

Plant Cells 3 differences from animal cells Cell Wall Chloroplasts Stiff outer covering that gives the cell rigidness, shape, and protection Chloroplasts Green organelles that capture sunlight and use it for photosynthesis. Contain chlorophyll Vacuole Water and mineral storing area that needs to be full for the plant to be rigid.

Cellular Organization Cells Smallest unit life can be broken down to Tissues A group of similar cells performing a certain function Organs A group of tissues performing a function Organ system A group of organs performing a life sustaining function Organism A collection of organ systems creating a living creature