RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BY: BRIAN SIEBEN MARISA PARKER

 Respiration  Inspiration  Expiration  Cyanosis  Pneumonia  Pleural Faction Rub  Roaring  Heaves  Bronchodilators KEY TERMS

RESPIRATORY TRACT  Respiration- exchange of gases between animals and it’s environment  Opening of the body where one breathes  Nose (Nostrils)  covered by epithelial tissue  Epithelial Tissue protected by mucus

UPPER AIRWAYS Epithelium filters air  Particles trapped by mucus  Lined with Cilia  Moves the mucus towards the pharynx  This protects the lower airways

IRRITATION IN NOSE AND MOUTH Pharynx  common area shared by the nose and mouth Nose  Reaction: Sneezing Mouth  Reaction: Coughing

LARYNX, TRACHEA, AND LUNGS  Used to assist breathing  Larynx leads to the trachea  Trachea splits into two Bronchi Lungs  Produce a surfactant  Coats the alveoli  Covered in Pleura

MECHANISMS OF BREATHING Inspiration- air is taken into the lungs Expiration- air is forced out  Brain controls the normal rate of respiration  Respiration rate changes in response to bodies demands  Breathing is involuntary

RESPIRATION RATES IN ANIMALS Cat= 26bpm Dog= 22bpm Sheep= 19bpm Cow= 30bpm Horse= 12bpm Human= 12bpm Guinea Pig= 90bpm Hamster= 74bpm

CLINICAL PRACTICES 1) Oxygen levels to low  causes blood to have a dark bluish appearance  This is called cyanosis  Cyanosis- definite indication that tissues are not getting enough oxygen

CLINICAL PRACTICES CON’T Pneumonia- disease; inflammation in the lungs, caused by an infection in the lungs  White blood cells assist in getting rid of the bacterial infection Pneumonia causes…. Pleural Friction Rub  Pleural Friction Rub- creaking saddle noise while breathing shows that the lungs and chest are inflamed and irritated

OTHER KEY DISEASES AND PROBLEMS  Heaves- horse disease causes coughing/thick nasal discharges  Roaring- horse disease where vocal folds fail to open  This causes a roaring noise

PRACTICES AND TOOLS  Stethoscope- evaluates breathing in animals  Medications  Surgery  Bronchodilators- medication that opens airways