Naming Compounds Writing Formulas Day 1 Naming Compounds Writing Formulas

SWBAT Write and name binary and tertinary ionic compounds Write and name covalent compounds

Systematic Naming There are too many compounds to remember the names of them all. Compound is made of two or more elements. Put together atoms. Name should tell us how many and what type of atoms.

Periodic Table More than a list of elements. Put in columns because of similar properties. Each column is called a group.

Metals

Transition metals The Group B elements

Non-metals Dull Brittle Nonconductors- insulators

Metalloids or Semimetals Properties of both Semiconductors

5 Types of Chemical Compounds Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion Ternary ionic - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion Binary molecular - two nonmetals Binary acid - H – nonmetal Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion

Atoms and ions Atoms are electrically neutral. Same number of protons and electrons. Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, with a charge. Different numbers of protons and electrons. Only electrons can move. Gain or lose electrons.

F1- O2- Anion A negative ion. Has gained electrons. Non metals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a superscript on the right. F1- Has gained one electron O2- Has gained two electrons

K1+ Ca2+ Cations Positive ions. Formed by losing electrons. More protons than electrons. Metals form cations. K1+ Has lost one electron Ca2+ Has lost two electrons

Charge in groups 1A, 2A and 3A is the group number 1+ in 5A, 6A and 7A is the group number - 8 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1-

Naming Cations Just Write the name K1+ Potassium ion

Naming Anions Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluorin

Naming Anions Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluorine

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluori

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluor

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluori

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluorid

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluoride

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Compounds - 2 elements. Ionic - a cation and an anion. The name is just the names of the ions. Cation first anion second Easy with Group A elements. NaCl = Na+ Cl- = sodium chloride MgBr2 = Mg2+ Br- = magnesium bromide Na2S

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds The problem comes with the transition metals. Cation name includes the charge. The compound must be neutral. same number of + and – charges. Use the negative charge to find the charge on the positive ion.

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Write the name of CuO Need the charge of Cu O is 2- copper must be 2+ Copper(II) oxide Name CoCl3 Cl is 1- and there are three of them = 3- Co must be 3+ Cobalt(III) chloride

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Write the names of the following KCl Na3N CrN Sc3P2 PbO PbO2 Na2Se

Polyatomic ions Groups of atoms that stay together and have a charge. Covalently bonded You must memorize these.

A Few Polyatomic Rules: PA ions which contain Oxygen contain endings of -ite ( the least amount of Oxygen )and –ate ( the greater amount). For ex. Sulfite SO32- and Sulfate SO42- Nitrite NO21- and Nitrate NO31-

Polyatomic Rules cont. Hydrogen is often indicated by an ions name when present. For ex.: Hydrogen sulfate HSO41- The prefixes mono- and di- are sometimes used. For ex.: Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO41- The prefix thio- means, replace an Oxygen with a Sulfur.

1- ions Acetate C2H3O21- Nitrate NO31- Nitrite NO21- Hydroxide OH1- Permanganate MnO41- Cyanide CN1-

1- ions Perchlorate ClO41- Chlorate ClO31- Chlorite ClO21- Hypochlorite1-

2- ions Sulfate SO42- Sulfite SO32- Carbonate CO32- Chromate CrO42- Dichromate Cr2O72- Silicate SiO32-

3- ions Phosphate PO43- Phosphite PO33- 1+ ion Ammonium NH41+

Adding Hydrogen to Polyatomics Hydrogen ions are 1+ Attach to other polyatomic ions- changes charge by one Sulfate SO42- Hydrogen sulfate HSO41- Phosphate PO43- Hydrogen phosphate HPO42- Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO41-

Ternary Ionic Compounds Will have polyatomic ions At least three elements (3 capital letters) Still just name the ions NaNO3 CaSO4 CuSO3

Ternary Ionic Compounds (NH4)2O Fe(OH)3 LiCN (NH4)2CO3 NiPO4

Writing Formulas The charges have to add up to zero. Get charges on pieces. Cations from name or periodic table. Anions from periodic table or polyatomic. Balance the charges by adding subscripts. Put polyatomics in parenthesis if there is more than one of them

Writing Formulas Write the formula for calcium chloride. Calcium is Ca2+ Chloride is Cl1- Ca2+ Cl1- would have a 1+ charge. Need another Cl1- Ca2+ Cl21-

Crisscross Switch the numerical value of the charges Ba2+ N3- 2 3 Ba3 N2 Reduce ratio if possible

Write the formulas for these Lithium sulfide tin (II) oxide tin (IV) oxide Copper (II) sulfate Iron (III) phosphide gallium nitrate Iron (III) sulfide ammonium sulfide

Write the formulas for these Ammonium chloride barium nitrate

Formula and charge from memory Yes Charge from name Charge from table No Formula and charge from memory M+X Nm-Y MYNmX Ionic Roman Numeral? Polyatomic?

Things to look for If cations have (), the number is their charge. Not how many. If anions end in -ide they are probably off the periodic table (Monoatomic) If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic The positive piece always gets written first Hydrogen- it depends on where it’s at If it is second, it’s a nonmetal -hydride

Writing names and Formulas Molecular Compounds Writing names and Formulas

Molecular compounds made of just nonmetals smallest piece is a molecule can’t be held together because of opposite charges. can’t use charges to figure out how many of each atom

Easier Ionic compounds use charges to determine how many of each. Have to figure out charges. Have to figure out numbers. Molecular compounds name tells you the number of atoms. Uses prefixes to tell you the number

Prefixes 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca-

Naming Prefix name Prefix name -ide To write the name write two words Exception - we don’t write mono- if there is only one of the first element. No ao oo double vowels when writing name, io, oi, and ai are okay.

Name These N2O NO2 Cl2O7 CBr4 CO2 BaCl2

Write formulas for these diphosphorus pentoxide tetraiodine nonoxide sulfur hexaflouride nitrogen trioxide Carbon tetrahydride phosphorus trifluoride aluminum chloride diagram