The Respiratory System Let’s Watch tems/respiratorysystem/

Respiration A. Purpose: to exchange gases to exchange gases between blood and external environment B. Why? oxygen is needed to release energy from food by the process of cellular C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36ATP respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36ATP O2O2 food ATP CO 2

C. How? Gases move across a moist barrier (alveoli) called the respiratory surface Diffusion of gases (high to low concentration) thru the capillaries

Mouth Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lung Bronchus Bronchioles Edge of pleural membrane Diaphragm Epiglottis Capillaries Alveoli Bronchiole Figure The Respiratory System D. Respiratory Organ Systems: How Does Respiration occur in one celled organisms? Gases diffuse across the cell membrane How Does Respiration occur in one celled organisms? Gases diffuse across the cell membrane

Organ Function Organ Function Nostrils Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli (looks like a bunch of grapes) Lined with cilia, warms, moistens and filters incoming air Windpipe made of cartilage Two main branches that enter lungs Small air tubes that SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE LUNG Tiny air sacs located at the end of bronchioles Site of gas exchange

1. End products ** The end products of aerobic cellular respiration, water and carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood. Then these waste gases are released from the lungs. O 2 IN, CO 2 OUT Were does it occur? the alveoli; O 2 IN, CO 2 OUT Capillary Bronchiole Alveoli Figure Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Passageway to the lungs: nose  pharynx  larynx  trachea  bronchi  bronchioles  alveoli Memory Device: Nine People Left Their Book Bags Again COPY these notes on the bottom of page

2. How does it occur? Driven by air pressure -Air moves from High to Low pressure Driven by air pressure -Air moves from High to Low pressure inhale exhale

Air inhaled Diaphragm Rib cage rises Air exhaled Diaphragm Rib cage descends InhalationExhalation Figure The Mechanics of Breathing 1) Inhalation (active process) Diaphragm FLATTENS AND CONTRACTS Air rushes into lungs through the respiratory tubes, Chest cavity EXPANDS

Air inhaled Diaphragm Rib cage rises Air exhaled Diaphragm Rib cage descends InhalationExhalation Figure The Mechanics of Breathing 2) Exhalation (passive) Diaphragm RISES AND RELAXES forcing air out of lungs Moving air out (caused by Chest cavity COLLAPSING)

Breathing and maintaining Homeostasis controlled by the concentration of CO 2 If CO 2 is high, breathing rate fast If CO 2 is low, breathing rate is slow COPY THIS NEXT TO PICTURE

E. Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders 1. Pneumonia Alveoli fill with fluids and mucus resulting in coughing and breathing difficulties 2. Asthma Allergic reaction in which bronchiole contractions create breathing difficulties 3. Emphysema Air sacs lose their elasticity and breakdown resulting in a loss of respiratory surface in the lungs

1. 1.Not smoking – first and second hand smoke are damaging 2. 2.Stay away from pollutants 3. 3.Wash hands when possible F. Preventing respiratory disease Add these to the bottom of your notes

A Healthy Lung (outer view)

A healthy lung (inside view)

A LUNG AFTER SMOKING….

MTV Real Life Emphysema Video – Pam Laffin “I can’t breathe” “I can’t breathe” “I can’t breathe” “I can’t breathe”