Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro

Introduction Rio de Janeiro calls simply as Rio Rio de Janeiro calls simply as Rio the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro the second largest city of Brazil the second largest city of Brazil the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, Rio de Janeiro has become a home of a world heritage side named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea," Rio de Janeiro has become a home of a world heritage side named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea,"

Flags of Rio Flags of Rio And seal of Rio And seal of Rio

Brief information Country Brazil Country Brazil CountryBrazil CountryBrazil RegionSoutheastState Rio de Janeiro RegionSoutheastState Rio de Janeiro RegionSoutheastState Rio de Janeiro RegionSoutheastState Rio de Janeiro Founded March 1, 1565Government Founded March 1, 1565Government TypeMayor-council TypeMayor-council Mayor-council BodyPrefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro BodyPrefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro Area Municipality1,260 km2 (486.5 sq mi) Metro4,557 km2 (1,759.6 sq mi) Area Municipality1,260 km2 (486.5 sq mi) Metro4,557 km2 (1,759.6 sq mi)Municipality1,260 km2Municipality1,260 km2 Population Metro12,387,000 Population Metro12,387,000Metro

1 Geography RegionSoutheast RegionSoutheast State State Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro State Rio de Janeiro Founded March 1, 1565 core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone (Zona Norte), extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone (Zona Sul) of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. The large West Zone (Zona Oeste), long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th centurycore of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone (Zona Norte), extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone (Zona Sul) of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. The large West Zone (Zona Oeste), long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th century The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1,182.3 square kilometres (456.5 sq mi), is about 6,000,000.The population of the greater metropolitan area is estimated at 11– 13.5 million. It was Brazil's capital until 1960, when Brasília took its place. Residents of the city are known as cariocas. The official song of Rio is "Cidade Maravilhosa", by composer André Filho.

Rio de Janeiro is on a strip of Brazil's Atlantic coast, close to the Tropic of Capricorn, where the shoreline is oriented east–west. Facing largely south, the city was founded on an inlet of this stretch of the coast, Guanabara Bay and its entrance is marked by a point of land called Sugar Loaf– a "calling card" of the city. Rio de Janeiro is on a strip of Brazil's Atlantic coast, close to the Tropic of Capricorn, where the shoreline is oriented east–west. Facing largely south, the city was founded on an inlet of this stretch of the coast, Guanabara Bay and its entrance is marked by a point of land called Sugar Loaf– a "calling card" of the city.Tropic of CapricornGuanabara BayTropic of CapricornGuanabara Bay The Centre the core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone, extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. The large West Zone, long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th century The Centre the core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone, extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. The large West Zone, long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th centurySerra do MarBrazilian HighlandsSerra do MarBrazilian Highlands

History On January 1, 1502, Gaspar de Lemos arrived in Brazil from Portugal and entered the Baía de Guanabara, inhabited at the time by the Tamoio people. He mistook the bay for the entrance of a river and named it Rio de Janeiro. The French settled the area in 1555 as a trade outpost for pau-brasil, or Brazilwood and formed an alliance with the Tamoio against the Portuguese, but were expelled in The Tamoio were driven from their land by the Portuguese and the settlement Sao Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro was established by the Portuguese government. On January 1, 1502, Gaspar de Lemos arrived in Brazil from Portugal and entered the Baía de Guanabara, inhabited at the time by the Tamoio people. He mistook the bay for the entrance of a river and named it Rio de Janeiro. The French settled the area in 1555 as a trade outpost for pau-brasil, or Brazilwood and formed an alliance with the Tamoio against the Portuguese, but were expelled in The Tamoio were driven from their land by the Portuguese and the settlement Sao Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro was established by the Portuguese government.

By the 17th century, Rio became an important Brazilian By the 17th century, Rio became an important Brazilian settlement. African slaves were brought over to work first the sugar plantations and then the gold mines of Minas Gerias. These gold mines proved to be prolific and the city increased in population and importance as gold and diamonds arrived in the port from Minas Gerais. settlement. African slaves were brought over to work first the sugar plantations and then the gold mines of Minas Gerias. These gold mines proved to be prolific and the city increased in population and importance as gold and diamonds arrived in the port from Minas Gerais. Towards the end of the 19th century, the city’s population grew rapidly due to immigration from Europe and migration from within the country. By 1891, Rio was host to more than 500,000 people. The city continued developing and spreading rapidly, removing mountains, reclaiming bay water and constructing skyscrapers in the process. Towards the end of the 19th century, the city’s population grew rapidly due to immigration from Europe and migration from within the country. By 1891, Rio was host to more than 500,000 people. The city continued developing and spreading rapidly, removing mountains, reclaiming bay water and constructing skyscrapers in the process.

The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during thePortuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."Portuguesecolonial eraUnited Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and AlgarvesCidade Maravilhosa

Demographics According to the 2010 IBGE Census, there were 5,940,224 people residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The census revealed the following numbers: 3,234,812 White people (51.2%), 2,307,104 Brown (Multiracial) people (36.5%), 724,197 Black people (11.5%), 46,484 East Asian people (0.7%), 6,320 Amerindian people (0.1%). According to the 2010 IBGE Census, there were 5,940,224 people residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The census revealed the following numbers: 3,234,812 White people (51.2%), 2,307,104 Brown (Multiracial) people (36.5%), 724,197 Black people (11.5%), 46,484 East Asian people (0.7%), 6,320 Amerindian people (0.1%).2010 IBGE CensusWhiteBrownMultiracialBlackEast AsianAmerindian2010 IBGE CensusWhiteBrownMultiracialBlackEast AsianAmerindian In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo.BrazilSão PauloBrazilSão Paulo In 2010, the city had 1,200,697 opposite-sex couples and 5,612 same-sex couples (see more at LGBT rights in Brazil). The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% male In 2010, the city had 1,200,697 opposite-sex couples and 5,612 same-sex couples (see more at LGBT rights in Brazil). The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% maleopposite-sex couplessame-sex couplesLGBT rights in Brazilfemalemaleopposite-sex couplessame-sex couplesLGBT rights in Brazilfemalemale

Total genetic composition Ancestor Am e r i d i a n Afri c a n Euro p a n People of Rio 7.4 % 18.9 % 73.3 % Rio de Janeiro city (1890) GROUP POPULATIONPERCENTAGE 3] 3] Portuguese immigrants106, % Brazilians of at least one Portuguese parent 161, % Portuguese immigrants and their descendants267, % Population growth

Climate In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C are common during the summer, though rarely for long periods, while maximum temperatures above 27 °C can occur on a monthly basis. Rio has a savana climate that closely borders a tropical monson climate according to the and is often characterized by long periods of heavy rain from December to March. In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C are common during the summer, though rarely for long periods, while maximum temperatures above 27 °C can occur on a monthly basis. Rio has a savana climate that closely borders a tropical monson climate according to the and is often characterized by long periods of heavy rain from December to March.

Along the coast, the breeze, blowing alternately onshore and offshore, moderates the temperature. Because of its geographic situation, the city is often reached, especially during autumn and winter, by cold fronts advancing from Antarctica, causing frequent weather changes. It is mostly in summer that strong showers provoke catastrophic floods and landslides. Along the coast, the breeze, blowing alternately onshore and offshore, moderates the temperature. Because of its geographic situation, the city is often reached, especially during autumn and winter, by cold fronts advancing from Antarctica, causing frequent weather changes. It is mostly in summer that strong showers provoke catastrophic floods and landslides.Antarctica

Road transport Driving in Rio de Janeiro, as in most large cities of Brazil, might not be the best choice due to the large car fleet. The city is served by a number of expressways in spite of this, traffic jams are very common. In sight of the 2016 Olympics, the state is opening two more freeways in the city, (between Barra and the Galeão International Airport). Driving in Rio de Janeiro, as in most large cities of Brazil, might not be the best choice due to the large car fleet. The city is served by a number of expressways in spite of this, traffic jams are very common. In sight of the 2016 Olympics, the state is opening two more freeways in the city, (between Barra and the Galeão International Airport).2016 Olympics2016 Olympics

Tourists attractions Tram arriving at Sugarloaf SugarloafSugarloaf mountain (Pão de Açúcar) with its cable car; Sugarloaf São ConradoSão Conrado receives many tourists from around the world. Many come to jump with aparachute and do other activities that the district offers.touristsparachuteactivities

View from the top of the Corcovado. Christ the redemer statue, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

The most famost beaches LGBTs on Ipanema Beach. CopacabanaBeach Panorama of Leme Beach and prime district.

This region is home to the Maracanã stadium ), once the world's highest capacity football (soccer) venue, able to hold nearly 199,000 people, as it did theWorld Cup final of In modern times its capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans. This region is home to the Maracanã stadium ), once the world's highest capacity football (soccer) venue, able to hold nearly 199,000 people, as it did theWorld Cup final of In modern times its capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans.Maracanã stadiumfootball (soccer)World CupMaracanã stadiumfootball (soccer)World Cup

Carnaval, is an annual celebration in the Roman Catholic tradition that allows merry-making and red meat consumption before the more sober 40 days of Lent penance which culminates with Holy or Passion Week and Easter Carnaval, is an annual celebration in the Roman Catholic tradition that allows merry-making and red meat consumption before the more sober 40 days of Lent penance which culminates with Holy or Passion Week and Easter

Every December 31, 2.5 million people gather at Copacabana Beach to celebrate New Year's in Rio de Janeiro. The crowd, mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night at the hundreds of different shows and events along the beach. It is the second largest celebration only next to the Carnival. People celebrate the New Year by sharing chilled champagne. It is considered good luck to shake the champagne bottle and spray around at midnight. Chilled champagne adds to the spirit of the festivities. Carnival

Notable cariocas Cariocas, as the people who are born in Rio de Janeiro are called in Brazil, have made extensive contributions to Brazil's (and the World's) history, culture, music, literature, education, science, technology etc. Cariocas, as the people who are born in Rio de Janeiro are called in Brazil, have made extensive contributions to Brazil's (and the World's) history, culture, music, literature, education, science, technology etc. Cariocas Some famous cariocas who wre born in Rio Some famous cariocas who wre born in Rio. Ronaldo Paulo Coelho Antônio Carlos JobimAntônio Carlos Jobim. Walter SallesWalter Salles.