Stagnation Layers at the Collision Front between Two Colliding Plasmas: Prospects for Materials Growth and (VUV) LIBS John T. Costello National Centre.

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Presentation transcript:

Stagnation Layers at the Collision Front between Two Colliding Plasmas: Prospects for Materials Growth and (VUV) LIBS John T. Costello National Centre for Plasma Science & Technology (NCPST)/ School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University www.physics.dcu.ie/~jtc EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Talk contains elements of the work of: Ph.D Students John Dardis (Imaging/Spectroscopy) Padraig Hough (Interferometry) Thomas ‘Mossy’ Kelly (Image Processing) Postdoc Paddy Hayden International Visiting Fellow Sivandan Harilal (Purdue University) Former Group Members Kevin Kavanagh (Founder - Brand Plate Media - http://brandplate.com) Hugo de Luna (Now Lecturer - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) Jofre Pedregosa (Now Maitre de Conference, Universite de Provence) EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Talk contains elements of collaboration with: Ph.D Students Mr. Conor McLoughlin (PLD) Postdoc Paddy Hayden (LIBS) Colleagues Jean-Paul Mosnier (PLD) Eugene Kennedy (LIBS) Former Group Members Eoin O’Leary (LIBS) International Leo Gizzi et al. EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Outline of the Talk Colliding Plasmas - Introduction Optical Diagnostics Prospects for PLD & LIBS EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Colliding Plasmas - Introduction Making Stagnation Layers Laser Pulse Energy: 50 - 500 mJ/ beam Laser Pulse duration: 170 ps, 6 ns, 15 ns Focal Spot Size: ~ 100 mm Irradiance: 109 - 1011 W.cm-2 EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Colliding Plasmas - Introduction Not a new idea ! ‘Seed’ Plasmas ‘Stagnation Layer’ When plasma plumes collide there are two extreme scenarios: Interpenetration - interactions are mostly via binary collisions Stagnation - plumes decelerated at collision plane, rapid accumulation of material, kinetic energy converted into excitation energy (glow), rapid growth of dense (stagnated) layer,……… EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Colliding Plasmas - Introduction Huge body of literature on colliding plasma fundamentals - but mainly from work at high power laser facilities ! Motivations - they are many and varied……….. 1. Fusion (Hohlraums) 2. X-ray Lasers 3. Space Weather Observations 4. Pulsed Laser Deposition 5. Laboratory-Astrophysical Model Experiments T R Dittrich et al., Phys. Plasmas 6 2164 (1999) R W Clark et al., Phys. Plasmas 4 3718 (1997) J L Horwitz and T E Moore, IEEE Trans. Plasma. Sci. 28 1840 (2000) C Sanchez Ake et al., J. Appl. Phys 100 053305 (2006) C D Gregori et al., Ap. J. 676 420 (2008) EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Colliding Plasmas - Introduction Collisionality Parameter: Plasma - Plasma Separation Ion - Ion Mean Free Path (mfp) For collisions between opposing plumes (1, 2) Slow moving and dense plumes are more likely to stagnate ! ii >> D Interpenetration ii ~ D  ’Soft’ Stagnation ii << D  ’Hard’ Stagnation EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Colliding Plasmas - Introduction Collisionality Parameter: Plasma - Plasma Separation Ion - Ion Mean Free Path (mfp) For collisions between opposing plumes (1, 2) Key point: One can engineer stagnation layer characteristics; ‘hardness’, density, temperature, shape, etc. by varying geometry (D) and laser-target interaction physics (mfp, ii) - application specific….. EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Part 2. Optical Diagnostics Stagnation layer growth Time resolved (ICCD) imaging Time-space resolved spectroscopy Faraday ion cup Plasma Diagnostics Time-space resolved spectroscopy - ne & Te Time resolved interferometry - ne EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Part 2. Optical Diagnostics EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Optical Diagnostics Time Evolution: Tight point focus on each Ca face: 120 mJ per beam ICCD: 5 ns gate 10 ns interval Ca - Emission Imaging @ 423 nm EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Optical Diagnostics Stagnation Layer Evolution Broadband image - 200ns Colliding aluminium plasmas ~100 mJ/170 ps/’seed’ beam EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Optical Diagnostics Stagnation Layer Evolution: (Al) - Charge resolved ! ‘Growth rate’ - 10 m/ns 300mJ/6ns/’seed’ beam EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Optical Diagnostics Stagnation Layer (Al): Electron density & temperature ‘Seed’ spectrum Stagnation zone ‘Seed’ spectrum EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Optical Diagnostics Stagnation Layer (Al): Electron density & temperature Spectroscopy - only works well for t > 100 ns Spectra dominated by continuum emission - solution - time resolved interferometry Experimental Setup- Nomarski Interferometry EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Separation of electron and ion stagnation - Ambipolar effects Optical Diagnostics Separation of electron and ion stagnation - Ambipolar effects Electrons - ‘Nomarski’ Al+ ions - ICCD Al plume - ICCD EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Colliding Plasma - PLD NeoceraTM PLD system Replace single plume with stagnation layer…….. EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Colliding Zn Plasma - PLD Vacuum Single Plume Vacuum Colliding Plumes SEM IMAGES 1 mbar O2 Single Plume 1 mbar O2 Colliding Plumes EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

TISR-VUV-LIBS, Ambient Gas Line: S4+ (78.65 nm) Sulphur/Steel in N2 Background Gas EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

VUV - LIBS, Ambient N2 Sulphur/ Steel in N2 Background Gas - strong S4+ 78.65 nm Sulphur/ Steel in N2 Background Gas - strong enhancement of S4+ 78.65 nm line - S5+ + e  S4+*….? EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

LIBS with Colliding Plasmas ? 1. Results give us some confidence that colliding plasmas could also be engineered to improve the efficacy of LIBS……. 2. Also, could be used in ‘double pulse’ LIBS experiments to separate ‘sampling’ from excitation….. EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

Support Science Foundation Ireland Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology EU COST: MP0601 EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009

What have we learned to date ? 1. Strong stagnation in table top colliding plasmas due to large value of the collisionality parameter (z) 2. Degree of confinement/ hardness of the stagnation layer can be controlled by designing the value of z 3. Stagnation layer becomes quite uniform after 100s ns and so looks attractive for investigation as alternative pulsed laser materials deposition source, target for LIBS 4. Preliminary PLD results are promising….. 5. Colliding Plasma LIBS efficacy to be proven…….. EU COST MP0601 Salamanca May 14 - 2009