POPULATION Thought Questions: 1. What things would cause people to leave a certain place? 2. What factors would cause people to move to a certain place? 1

Key Understandings People are not distributed equally on the earth’s surface The world’s population continues to grow, but at different rates in different regions

REGIONS Part of the Earth’s surface that is alike or connected in some way, such as by politics, economics, culture, or environment. 1) Formal Region, 2) Functional Region, and 3) Perceptual Region 3

DEMOGRAPHY Demography: The study of population Demographer: A person who studies demography Demographics: the statistical data of a population showing age, gender, income, education, etc. 4

GLOBALIZATION Describes an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and trade. 5

Global Population Distribution Population Distribution of the Earth is uneven due to factors such as climate, landscape, transportation routes, and available resources. There are FOUR centers of heavy population in the world These areas contain more than 70% of the Earth’s population 6

Eastern Asia has the greatest concentration of people on Earth – it is centered in China and has 21% of Earth’s population. 2) Southern Asia is the second largest concentration of people – it is centered in India and has 16% of the Earth’s pop. 7

3) Western Europe is the third largest concentration. In Western Europe people are concentrated near natural resources needed for industry. 8

- This is called a megalopolis. East Central North America is the fourth largest center concentrated in the NE US and SE Canada. In the US, the chain of cities start from the city of Boston to south of Washington DC. - This is called a megalopolis. 9

Africa has 12% of the Earth’s population. Largest cluster of people found in the Nile River Valley. Cairo is the largest city in Africa. 10

South America is lightly populated compared with other continents. Patterns of people live along the edges of the continent – SE Buenos Aires in Argentina, Montevideo in Uruguay, and Rio de Janeiro and Recife in Brazil. 11

Australia has the fewest number of people. They are concentrated along the eastern and southern coasts. (17.5 million people total on the entire continent. – as much as the NYC metro area) 12

North Pole 13

World Population by Continent 14

Population Density The number of people in a unit of space Example: 8,000 people per square mile 15

Population Density 16

Food Supply The rate of population growth was more than the amount of food produced. More than 13 million to 18 million people die each year because they do not have a good diet. (35,000 a day; 24 a minute – most are children) More land is needed for agriculture Productive farming methods More productive farming techniques Using new food sources New sources of food Today 90% of the world’s food comes from 15 crops and 7 livestock animals. There are more than 10 million kinds of plants and animals on Earth. 17

PUSH & PULL FACTORS The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place. The pull factor is what draws people to a new location. 18

Migration – Push & Pull Factors Most people move because of economic or political reasons Pushed from a bad situation Less developed country Pulled to a better situation More developed country, access to resources, better economy People also move from rural to urban areas Huge demand on city infrastructure and economy Job market, living quarters 19

“The J Curve” What happened in the last 1000 years that enabled the population to grow so dramatically? Agricultural Revolution – better food, knowledge of farming Industrial Revolution – higher standard of living 20

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POPULATION PYRAMIDS 22

Population Pyramids Graph that shows the percentage of population in certain age groups Separates Male and Female Allows you to make predictions

Stage One High Birth Rate High Death Rate Result: slow growth rates Pre-industrial, hunter/gatherer societies in remote areas. 24

Stage Two High Birth Rate Low or Falling Death Rate Result: Rapid Growth Rate Very LOW Standard of Living Found In Least Developed Countries South America Southern Africa Asia 25

Stage Three Moderate to High Birth Rate Low Death Rate Result: Explosive Growth Rates Causes a large population increase, but standard of living remains low Developing Countries and the Newly Industrialized Countries Found In Countries: Mexico Southeast Asia Middle East 26

Stage Four Low birth rates Low death rates Result: slow or no growth rates Population slowly increases, with a high standard of living Developed Countries USA Canada Australia Europe 27

Stage Five Negative Birth Rate Low Death Rate NEGATIVE or NO GROWTH Low Death Rate Result: No growth, even population loss Population begins to shrink, usually has a high standard of living Found In “Post-Developed” Countries Germany Sweden Norway Italy 28

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL 29

Analyzing Populations Finish Culture Project What things would cause people to leave a certain place? What factors would cause people to move to a certain place?

Key Understandings People are not distributed equally on the earth’s surface The world’s population continues to grow, but at different rates in different regions

If we could reduce the world’s population to a village of precisely 100 people, with all existing human ratios remaining the same, the demographics would look something like this: The village would have 60 Asians, 14 Africans, 12 Europeans, 8 Latin Americans, 5 from the USA and Canada, and 1 from the South Pacific 51 would be male, 49 would be female 82 would be non-white; 18 white 67 would be non-Christian; 33 would be Christian 80 would live in substandard housing 67 would be unable to read 50 would be malnourished and 1 dying of starvation 33 would be without access to a safe water supply 39 would lack access to improved sanitation 24 would not have any electricity (And of the 76 that do have electricity, most would only use it for light at night.) 7 people would have access to the Internet 1 would have a college education 1 would have HIV 2 would be near birth; 1 near death 5 would control 32% of the entire world’s wealth; all 5 would be US citizens 33 would be receiving --and attempting to live on-- only 3% of the income of “the village”

What is the primary tool of demography? What is Demography? study of population What is the primary tool of demography? Census- survey of population, done every 10 years.

What is Population Distribution? Habitable Lands - 2/3 of population between 20*N and 60*N Urban-Rural Mix – ½ of population lives in cities, more each year Migration – people moving, causes change in population Push Factors – reasons people leave home Pull Factors – reasons people come to new home

Global Population Distribution

What is Population Density? The number of people in a unit of space. Example: “8,500 people per square mile”

How do demographers determine who is growing? Birth rates and Death rates, for starters

What are Birth Rates? Birth Rate – number of live births per 1000 people Fertility Rate – average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime

What are Death Rates? Death (Mortality) Rate – number of deaths per 1000 people Infant Mortality Rate – number of deaths among infants under 1 year old, per 1000 live births

What is Rate of Natural Increase? Rate of Natural Increase- % a population grows in one year Birth Rate minus Death Rate = Rate of Natural Increase

Who is having the kids? Based on 2006 CIA Estimates

World Population Growth Over Time “The J Curve”

What caused the growth rate to increase? Technology- Any invention, innovation (new idea) or tool that increases production.

When did the increase explode? During the Industrial Revolution Late 1700’s to 1900’s Extensive use of machines to increase production How does increased production cause population to increase?

What is over population? number of people exceeds available resources Carrying capacity – the # of organisms a piece of land can support without negative effects.

Population Pyramids Graph that shows the percentage of population in certain age groups Separates Male and Female Allows you to make predictions