Research Methods in Computer Science Lecture: Research Ethics 21.04.2017 | Department of Science | Interactive Graphics System (GRIS) | Prof. Dr. techn. Dieter Fellner

softrays.org.pk/RM Course website University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 2

Attendance file Mid Term Exam University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 3

Credit Professor Lee E. Brown California State University, Fullerton Julia R. Miller, Ph.D. University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 4

Ethics Ethics – the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong ethics. ( 2013). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved Nov  10,  2013, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106054 University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 5

Definition of Scientific Misconduct Scientific misconduct is fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 6

Seven Areas of Scientific Dishonesty Plagiarism Fabrication and falsification Nonpublication of data Faulty data-gathering procedures Poor data storage and retention Misleading authorship Sneaky publication practices University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 7

Plagiarism Plagiarism—using the ideas, writings, and drawings of others as your own Plagiarism is dishonesty. The research may be excellent but it wasn’t done by the author of the paper. Plagiarism mostly involves unpublished theses. Difficult to detect unless editor/referee familiar with unpublished work in subject as well as published work. University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 8

Fabrication and Falsification Fabrication and falsification—making up or altering data University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 9

Nonpublication of Data Data not included in results because they don’t support the desired outcome Some data are “bad” data Bad data should be recognized while it is being collected or analyzed Outlier – unrepresentative score; a score that lies outside of the normal scores University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 10

Faulty Data Gathering Collecting data from participants who are not complying with requirements of the study Using faulty equipment Treating participants inappropriately Recording data incorrectly University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 11

Poor Data Storage and Retention Data should be stored in its original collected form for at least 3 years after publication Data should be available for examination Confidentiality of participants should be maintained University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 12

Misleading Authorship Misleading authorship—who should be an author? Technicians do not necessarily become joint authors. Authorship should involve only those who contribute directly. Discuss authorship before the project! University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 13

Sneaky Publication Practices Publication of the thesis or dissertation Should be regarded as the student’s work Committee chair and members may be listed as secondary authors Dual publication – a manuscript should only be published in a single journal What about studies which include a huge amount of data? University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 14

Ethical relationships with supervisors The relationship between the student and the supervisor is unequal and hierarchical. the supervisor plays many roles as "adviser", "promoter", "boss", "teacher", "friend", "principal investigator” etc. This multiplicity of roles may lead to conflict A student must feel free to make their own decisions University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 15

Ethical supervision Nurtures the student’s confidence and skills Does not use the student just as a technician or assistant but allows the student to develop the project in new ways Not jealous of the student’s success but allows the student to take ownership of their project and get the credit for it University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 16

Ethical relationships with colleagues Effective and ethical relationships with colleagues will aid a student to make more rapid progress on their project University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 17

HEC Plagiarism Policy (a) Penalties for Teachers, Researchers and Staff (i) Major Penalty: Crime: Most of the paper (or key results) have been exactly copied from any published work of other people without giving the reference to the original work Penalty: Dismissal from service Black Listing” Ineligible for employment in any academic / research organization The notification of “Black Listing” of the author(s) may be published in the print media or may be publicized on different websites at the discretion of the Vice-Chancellor / Rector / Head of the organization. http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/QADivision/Documents/Plagiarism%20Policy.pdf University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 18

HEC Plagiarism Policy (a) Penalties for Teachers, Researchers and Staff (ii) Moderate Penalty: Crime: Some paragraphs including some key results have been copied without citation. Penalty: Demotion to the next lower grade The notification of “Black Listing” of the author(s) . http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/QADivision/Documents/Plagiarism%20Policy.pdf University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 19

HEC Plagiarism Policy (a) Penalties for Teachers, Researchers and Staff (iii) Minor Penalty: Crime: Few paragraphs have been copied from an external source without giving reference of that work Penalty Warning Freezing of all research grants The promotions/annual increments of the offender may be stopped, for a specified period HEC or the University / Organization may debar the offender from sponsorship of research funding, travel grant, supervision of Ph.D. students, scholarship, fellowship or any other funded program for a period as deemed appropriate by the “Plagiarism Standing Committee”. http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/QADivision/Documents/Plagiarism%20Policy.pdf University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 20

HEC Plagiarism Policy (b) Students: (i) In the case of thesis the responsibility of plagiarism will be of the student and not of the supervisor or members of the Supervisory Committee. (ii) The offender may be expelled/ rusticated from the University and from joining any institution of Higher Education in Pakistan for a period as deemed appropriate by the "Plagiarism Standing Committee”. A notice may be circulated among all academic institutions and research organization to this effect. (iii) The offender may be relegated to a lower class. (iv) The offender may be given a failure grade in the subject. (v) The offender may be fined an amount as deemed appropriate. http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/QADivision/Documents/Plagiarism%20Policy.pdf University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 21

HEC Plagiarism Policy (b) Students: (vi) The offender may be given a written warning if the offence is minor and is committed for the first time (vii) The degree of a student may be withdrawn if AT ANY TIME it is proven that he or she has presented Plagiarized work in his / her MS, MPhil or PhD dissertation if the extent of plagiarism comes under the category of major penalty. (viii) The notification of the plagiarism by the author(s) may be published in the print media or may be publicized on different websites at the discretion of the Vice Chancellor / Rector / Head of the Organization. (ix) HEC or the University / Organization may debar the offender from sponsorship of research funding, travel grant, scholarship, fellowship or any other funded program for a period as deemed appropriate by the "Plagiarism Standing Committee". (x) Any other penalty deemed fit by the “Plagiarism Standing Committee”. http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/QADivision/Documents/Plagiarism%20Policy.pdf University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 22

Assignment 2: Plagiarism Detection resouces Explore the different online resources for Plagiarism detection and write a summary of these software tools and websites. University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 23

Sources University of Michigan; http://my.research.umich.edu/peerrs Office of Research Integrity, (ORI); http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcr_general.shtml http://ori.dhhs.gov/assurance/electronic_submission.shtml http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcr_general.shtml Indiana University, Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions; http://mypage.iu.edu/~pimple/ National Institutes of Health, (NIH); http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-10-019.html http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/unh_round1/www.unh.edu/rcr/index-2.html http://www.missouristate.edu/internalaudit/Ethics%20Hotline.htm http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/rcradmin/index.html http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/RCRintro/index.html http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/montana_round1/issues.html http://poynter.indiana.edu/tre/resources.shtml http://www.research.umn.edu/ethics/materials/ University Of Malakand | Department of Computer Science | Visual Computing Research Group | Dr. Engr.Sami ur Rahman | 24