Bellringer O Name three possible dangers you may encounter when working with animals? Safety & Sanitation TM1

Safety & Sanitation in Veterinary Medicine Spring 2012 Safety & Sanitation TM2

Learning Target O Analyze the effects that poor safety precautions and sanitation can have on both animals and their handlers. Safety & Sanitation TM3

The Game Plan… O Review of Safety and Sanitation Hazards O Attack of the Germs! - Activity O Group Discussion O Exit Slip: Formative Assessment Questions Safety & Sanitation TM4

Formative Assessment O Complete an Exit Slip O Evaluate the relationship between proper sanitation of clinical facilities and potential hazards to the medical staff. O Describe three steps that you can take to ensure your own safety when working with animals during class. Safety & Sanitation TM5

Safety With Animals O What are some potential hazards a person may encounter when working with animals? Safety & Sanitation TM6

O Chemical Hazards: - Ingestion or handling of hazardous medication or materials O Physical Hazards: - Bodily injuries from working with animals and medical equipment O Biological Hazards: - Contracted from handling medical wastes O Zoonotic Hazards: - Disease that are spread from animals to humans through v iruses, bacteria, parasites, fungus Safety & Sanitation TM7 Four Hazards in Veterinary Medicine

Chemical Hazards O Chemical Hazards: - Ingestion or handling of hazardous medication or materials Drugs/Medication Cleaning agents Insecticides Anesthetic gases Many hazardous chemicals are routinely used in veterinary hospitals. Safety & Sanitation TM8

Chemical Hazards O These chemicals can cause damage to the skin and eyes and to the lungs if they are inhaled. O Some chemicals may also cause abortion and/or fetal abnormalities if absorbed into the bloodstream. O Never use a substance for anything other than its intended use!!!! Safety & Sanitation TM9

Physical Hazards O Physical Hazards: - Bodily injuries from working with animals and medical equipment Animal injuries – bites, kicking, scratches Back injuries – improperly lifting heavy objects or animals Falls on wet floors Exposure to x-rays Safety & Sanitation TM10

Physical Hazards O Physical injuries from animals are the most common. O Physical hazards are especially dangerous when working with farm animals due to their size. O Cats needle-like teeth and sharp claws harbor bacteria that can cause serious illness in humans. Safety & Sanitation TM11

Physical Hazards O To prevent injury proper clothing and footwear should always be worn when working with animals. O Learning animal behavior and the correct handling and restraint techniques can help prevent injuries. Safety & Sanitation TM12

Biological hazards O Biological Hazards: - Contracted from handling medical wastes Living tissue and organisms Blood Urine Live vaccines Medical waste that has had contact with living tissue (urine soaked blankets, bandage material, etc.) Needles and scalpels “Sharps” Safety & Sanitation TM13

Biological Hazards O The danger of biohazards is that they can spread disease from one animal to another or from animals to humans. O Medical wastes must be disposed of properly! O Gloves and protective clothing should be worn when handling biohazards. Safety & Sanitation TM14

Zoonotic hazards Safety & Sanitation TM15 Viruses Rabies Sleeping Sickness (Encephalitis) Bacteria Cat Scratch Fever Salmonellosis Anthrax Tuberculosis Parasites Mange Toxoplasmosis Fungus Ringworm Zoonotic Hazards: - Disease that are spread from animals to humans through viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungus

Zoonotic Hazards O There are several ways to prevent the spread of these diseases including: Vaccination of animals and humans Proper waste disposal Isolating infected animals Proper handling of infected animals Proper sanitation of hospital Hand washing Wearing protective clothing Safety & Sanitation TM16

Activity O Is it possible to come in contact with these hazards in vet science class? O How easily can you contract a harmful substance (such as medical waste or disease) from a surface or animal? O Do we usually clean effectively or quickly? Safety & Sanitation TM17

Discussion O What protective measures can we take as a class to ensure the safety of ourselves and your classmates? Safety & Sanitation TM18

Rules When Working With Animals 1. Always wear protective clothing and equipment, when necessary. (Gloves, Long Pants, boots, Mask) 2. Always wash clothing & equipment after use. 3. Wash hands & body between each patient. 4. Keep hands away from eyes and face. 5. Do not consume food or drink where contamination may occur. 6. Remove contaminated equipment. Coats, coveralls, etc. 7. Always label medications and chemicals properly. 8. Be trained properly on handling techniques. 9. Always keep first aid kit handy. 10. Be aware of surroundings. 19

O Describe the relationship between proper sanitation of clinical facilities and potential hazards to the medical staff. O Describe three steps that you can take to ensure your own safety when working with animals during class? Safety & Sanitation TM20 Exit Slip

Types of Sanitation O Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc. O Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means. O Sterilizing – destroying all microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat. O Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue. Safety & Sanitation TM21

Safety & Sanitation TM22 Safety signs & equipment Danger Radioactive Biohazard Dosimeter Lead Gloves Back Brace Wet Floor Lead Apron

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet Includes 8 sections: 1. Manufacturer Information 2. Hazard Ingredients/ Identity Information 3. Physical/ Chemical Characteristics 4. Fire and Explosion Hazard Data 5. Reactivity Data 6. Health Hazard Data 7. Precautions for Safe Handling and Use 8. Control Measures Safety & Sanitation TM23

Drug Schedules Schedule I: no medical use – high abuse Heroin, Methaqualone, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil, amphetamine variants. Schedule II: accepted medical use – high abuse Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone, Cocaine, PCP, Morphine, and cannabis, amphetamine and barbiturate types. Schedule III: accepted medical use – medium abuse Opium, Vicodan, Tylenol w/codine, and narcotic, amphetamine and barbiturate types. Schedule IV: accepted medical use – low abuse Darvocet, Xanax, Valium, Halcyon, Ambien, Ativan, barbiturate types. Schedule V: accepted medical use – very low abuse Lomotil, Phenergan, liquid suspensions. Safety & Sanitation TM24

Types of Sanitation Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc. Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means Sterilizing – destroying ALL microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat under pressure Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue Safety & Sanitation TM25

Commonly Used chemicals Safety & Sanitation TM26 Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde Chlorine – bleach Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide, Quatsyl-D

Methods of Sanitation Safety & Sanitation TM27 Physical cleaning – using a chemical with a mop or sponge Cold sterilization – soaking items in a disinfectant chemical until they are used Dry heat – incinerating an object or exposing it to flame Radiation – using ultraviolet or gamma rays Filtration – removing particles from the air using a physical barrier Ultrasound – passing high frequency sound waves through a solution to create a vibration that scrubs an object to remove debris Autoclave – a sealed chamber in which objects are exposed to heat and steam under pressure