Trends in Library Resource Management and Discovery Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding OCLC Seminar  August 08, 2015

Description Marshall Breeding will give an overview of the current realm of library resource management systems and discovery services, highlighting some of the major technology trends. These products increasingly leverage use data and social networking concepts to provide more targeted and personalized services.

Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

Libraries.org data Visualizations based on ILS data in libraries.org

Product Selections

Product De-selections

WorldShare implementations by Size

WorldShare Management Services by Type

Alma – Implementations by Type

Alma – Implementations by Size

Sierra implementations by Type

Sierra implementations by Size

Sierra migration Patterns

Evergreen implementations by Type

Perceptions 2014 http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/ Annual survey for Libraries Satisfaction levels for Company Current ILS Service Loyalty Migration Plans 3,141 Responses 80 Countries

Perceptions Survey 2014 Sample: Large Academic Libraries

Libraries Considering Switching Systems

Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

Library Technology Industry Reports American Libraries Library Journal 2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation 2015: Operationalizing Innovation

Library Systems Report 2015 “Operationalizing innovation” http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/01/library-systems-report/

Industry Revenues $1.8 billion global industry $805 million from companies involved in the US $495 million from US Libraries

Personnel Resources 2014

Personnel Growth / Loss

Industry and Business Trends

Mergers and Acquisitions http://librarytechnology.org/mergers

Consolidation Industry dominated by a small number of large organizations EBSCO Information Services ProQuest OCLC Ex Libris Innovative Interfaces SirsiDynix Follett

Mid-sized and Small Companies Limited geographic scope Sector-specific products Maintain profitable niche Acquisition targets

Overlap between Content and Technology Content companies ever more deeply extended into resource management and discovery technologies Technology companies involved in content creation and integration E-resource Knowledgebases (Journal level) Discovery indexes (Article level)

EBSCO Information Services Subject Indexing: EBSCO databases Content aggregation: EBSCOhost platform Discovery Technology: EBSCO Discovery Service Print acquisition pipeline: YBP, GOBI3 Serials Acquisition pipeline EBSCO Subscription Services E-books (academic)

ProQuest Database creation and aggregation ProQuest Platform Print acquisition pipeline: Couts, MyiLibrary Discovery Technology: Summon Resource management 360 Resource Manager 360 Link Intota (Print + electronic)

Library sector involvement Ex Libris: Higher Education oMbiel campusM platform ProQuest: Colleges and University Follett: PreK-12 schools and districts SirsiDynix: Public, academic, special Innovative: Public, Academic, special OCLC: current emphasis on academic

Industry Growth Organic: capture new accounts Technology: Shift to hosted services Geographic: expand into new international regions

Ownership models Private Equity Family owned Membership owned Ex Libris (Golden Gate) Innovative (HCCG, JMI) SirsiDynix (ICV) Family owned Follett EBSCO ProQuest (Snyder / Goldman Sachs) Membership owned OCLC

Technology Trends

Deployment strategies In previous phase, libraries preferred local hosting and were skeptical of hosted offerings Libraries now favor hosted services Lack local IT staff and facilities Prefer to use technical personnel for tasks other than infrastructure upkeep Expect leverage for resource sharing and other benefits Ongoing concern for data ownership, privacy, local control

Software as a Service Globally deployed platform Web-native interfaces Scaleable, redundant, secure Web-native interfaces Multi-tenant: multiple institutional, single code base Globally shared resources Institutionally segregated resources

Hosted services Hosted instances of client/server systems Locally installed staff clients Institutional or consortial instance Very difficult to reengineer client/server products to multi-tenant platforms Common to move to hosted service even when not changing systems

Open source ILS Software model favored by libraries Current products oriented to small to mid-sized libraries Koha -- institutional Evergreen – consortial Academic and research libraries Kuali OLE

API Ecosystem Applications Programming Interface Programmatically extract or load data, consume functionality Real-time interoperability with external systems and services Supplements or replaces standard protocols Community platforms: documentation, sharable code, sandbox environment

Metadata models MARC dominates ILS products Library Services Platforms assume multiple metadata formats Full support expected for RDA Expectation to support BIBFAME in near future

Trends in Library Resource Management

Academic Libraries: Collection spending dominated by subscriptions to electronic content Remnant spending for monographs Firm orders for print Demand-driven acquisitions for e-books

Transition to Electronic Publishing Academic libraries devote majority of collections budgets to electronic materials Open access represents a growing proportion of scholarly resources, though still a small minority Public libraries increasingly offer e-book lending services Academic libraries: primarily electronic collections Public Libraries: Primarily physical collections

Implications of e-publishing Resource management systems for academic libraries must be optimized for electronic resources License management Open access outside of paid subscriptions Portfolio-based management – use knowledge base to delineate individual titles and date coverage of aggregated content packages Efficiently manage e-books Demand-driven acquisitions

Public Libraries: Vigorous lending of print materials Rising interest in e-book lending Marginal investment in e-resource databases

E-book lending High demand for integration technologies E-book lending fully blended within the library’s own online catalog or discovery interface Simple selection, download, and reading of e- books Librarians demand fair pricing models Publishers continue to fear impact on sales Impose policies that create more friction

Integrate e-book platforms Overdrive 3M Cloud Library Axis 360

Manage local e-book collections “Douglas County” model Owned, locally hosted titles Odilo as example of new type of e-book service provider

School Libraries: Access to appropriate resources Age Reading level Oriented to district-wide resource management and discovery Low per-school costs for technology Technologies that penetrate beyond the library into the school or district Different assumptions for privacy and security

Functionality Trends

Fragmented Resource Management Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and university Electronic Resource Management E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) Separate systems for archival materials and special collections Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Cycles of fragmentation > unification Early Phase: Modular automation Integrated Library Systems Proliferation of systems to manage electronic resources and digital collections Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform

Comprehensive Resource Management Simplify resource management through platform consolidation Separate components: ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model Consolidation requires a flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services Services Services-oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platforms – Functional Manages electronic and print formats of materials Replaces multiple incumbent products Extensive Metadata Management Multiple procurement workflows Knowledgebases Built-in collection analytics Decision support for collection development

Knowledge bases Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library- by-library management LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources Make links or associations from local holdings to common bibliographic records WorldShare Management Services – based on WorldCat Bibliographic records Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared records and resources Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC and other resources

Actionable analytics Previous generation of ILS offered reports Libraries now expect sophisticated analytics Make data-driven collection decisions Anticipate interest and use levels Cost per use

Support for BIBFRAME New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative Operational implementations will come once the model has stabilized Current phase of experimental projects and prototypes Applies differently to discovery versus resource management

Library Services Platforms – Technical Beyond Client/Server Computing Multi-tenant platforms Web-based interfaces Services-oriented architecture Exposes APIs for extensibility and interoperability Interoperable

New Library Management Model Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources Self-Check / Automated Return ` API Layer Library Services Platform Discovery Service Stock Management Enterprise Resource Planning Smart Cad / Payment systems Learning Management Authentication Service

Resource Management Models Category Integrated Library System Progressive integrated library System Library Services Platform Resources managed Physical Print, electronic Electronic, Physical Technology platform Server-based Multi-tenant SaaS Knowledgebases None e-holdings, bibliographic Patron interfaces Browser-based Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS) Procurement models Purchase Purchase, license license Hosting option Local install, ASP Saas Only Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API Batch transfer, RESTful APIs, APIs (mostly RESTful) Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE Development strategy Brownfield Greenfield (mixed)

Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

Library Services Platform Installations Production installations as of December 2014 Product Installations 2014 Sales Sierra 495 123 Alma 406 43 WorldShare Management Services 303 79 Kuali OLE 2 10 Intota 21

Cycle of adoption and deployment Beginning of a new cycle of transition that will last a decade Development and beta phase complete Now in mass deployment phase Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

Trends in library resource discovery

Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data Web-scale Index-based Discovery (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Search Results Aggregated Content packages Consolidated Index … E-Journals Your title is covered up with the ILS data content – DISCO instead of Discovery Usage-generated Data Customer Profile Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Comprehensive Library Portal Integrated Library System Library Web site Subject Guides Article, Databases, E-Book collections Public Interfaces: Presentation Layer

Discovery Service Statistics Discovery Product 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Installed EBSCO Discovery Service 1774 2634 8246 Primo 506 111 101 98 88 1529 Encore 56 72   36 Summon 164 214 158 195 697 WorldCat Discovery 2085

Demise of the local catalog Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

Fully Integrated Strategy Library services Platform Index-based discovery service Integrated link resolution Shared e-resource knowledgebase Analytics available from back-end and discovery perspective

Split Management / Discovery Strategy Library Services Platform for management of print and electronic resources Separate index-based discovery Knowledge base probably provided through Library Services Platform Link Resolution separate from Discovery: how to perform smart linking? Export and sync resource records from management to discovery service API look-ups for resource availability and status Patron profile and services request split between discovery and resource management components

Beyond Library Discovery Discovery happens elsewhere

Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces Reality that most discovery happens external to library Improve discoverability of library resources Locally: through incorporation of SEO and semantic encoding Especially schema.org Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services

Discovery beyond Library Interfaces Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar Same expectations for transparency? Better exposure of library-oriented content Schema.org or other microdata formats Better exposure of scholarly resources Open access & Proprietary Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

Changing models of Resource Sharing

Progressive consolidation of library services Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

Integrated Library System Search: Bibliographic Database Library System Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Patrons use Circulation features to request items from other branches Model: Multi-branch Independent Library System Floating Collections may reduce workload for Inter-branch transfers

Consortial Resource Sharing System Search: Bibliographic Database Library System A Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System D Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility NCIP Resource Sharing Application Bibliographic Database Discovery and Request Management Routines Staff Fulfillment Tools Inter-System Communications NCIP SIP ISO ILL Z39.50 NCIP Bibliographic Database Library System B Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System E Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility NCIP NCIP Bibliographic Database Library System C Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility Bibliographic Database Library System F Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Holdings Main Facility NCIP NCIP

Bibliographic Database Shared Consortial ILS Search: Bibliographic Database Shared Consortia System Library 2 Library 3 Library 4 Library 5 Library 7 Library 8 Library 9 Library 10 Holdings Library 1 Library 6 Model: Multiple independent libraries in a Consortium Share an ILS ILS configured To support Direct consortial Borrowing through Circulation Module

Shared Infrastructure Common discovery Retention of local automation systems Technical complex with moderate operational benefits Common discovery + Resource Management Systems Shared Resource management with local discovery options

Benefits of shared infrastructure Increased cooperation and resource sharing Collaborative collection management Lower costs per institution Greater universe of content readily available to patrons Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

Shared infrastructure Projects Orbis Cascade WHELF South Australia Ireland Public Libraries JULAC California State University University System of Georgia Complete Florida Plus Program University of Wisconsin system

Large-scale Implementations Scale of any given project is no longer limited Multi-tenant systems are already supporting very large numbers of sites Shared implementation does not necessarily require more resources than separate ones Industry Impact: Winner-take-all dynamic can disrupt sales trends Favors products and companies oriented toward consortia and large systems

Questions and discussion