111 New York, NY June 11-13, 2012 EGM on the Revision of ICATUS Session 3: ICATUS and the classification of productive activities outside the SNA production boundary (Unpaid work activities) Comments of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Lara Gama Cavalcanti

ICATUS 2012 is keeping the same structure of ICATUS 2005 for this division: Unpaid work activities – Housework 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 21 Food management 22 Cleaning and upkeep of dwelling and surroundings 23 Do-it-yourself decoration, maintenance and small repair 24 Care of textiles and footwear 25 Household management 26 Pet care 27 Shopping 28 Travel related to unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 2x Other activities related to unpaid domestic services for own final use within household (n.e.c)

Main difficulty found in the pilot Brazilian Time Use Survey 2009: Distinction between housework and household production as SNA work, especially inside the 3 divisions below: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 21 Food management 22 Cleaning and upkeep of dwelling and surroundings 23 Do-it-yourself decoration, maintenance and small repair 24 Care of textiles and footwear 25 Household management 26 Pet care 27 Shopping 28 Travel related to unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 2x Other activities related to unpaid domestic services for own final use within household (n.e.c) Unpaid work activities – Housework

Example 1: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household (Housework) 21 Food management 211 Preparing meals/snack X 1 Paid work (SNA work) 13 Work for household in non-primary production activities 131 Processing of food products 132 Making of other food products and beverages (when for own final use) Unpaid work activities – Housework

What’s the frontier between these two groups? What are the criteria for differentiation, to make it clear for the interviewers? Criterion currently adopted by the Brazilian Continuous National Household Survey: durability of the food products. Is that enough? Should we consider: the amount of work and effort put in the production? the type of output – are they, in general, ingredients for preparing other foods? Or is it not always the case? Guideline proposed by ICATUS 2012 for Division 13: use of the ISIC (International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities) Revision 3.1 Unpaid work activities – Housework

ISIC 3.1 Section: D - Manufacturing Division: 15 - Manufacture of food products and beverages Groups: ICATUS Paid Work 13 Work for household in non-primary production activities Production, processing and preservation of meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, oils and fats Manufacture of dairy products Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products, and prepared animal feeds 131 Processing of food products Examples: dried meat, cheese, butter, flour, jam and jelly Manufacture of other food products Manufacture of beverages 132 Making of other food products and beverages Examples: beer, wine, bread, cakes, biscuits, pasta, candy, chocolate, grinding coffee, tortillas, pancakes

Unpaid work activities – Housework ISIC Revision 4 (2008): Section: C- Manufacturing Division: 10 - Manufacture of food products Groups: Processing and preserving of meat Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats Manufacture of dairy products Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products Manufacture of other food products Manufacture of prepared animal feeds

Unpaid work activities – Housework What do we really get from the diaries? Cooking Preparing food Preparing meal Preparing lunch, dinner or snack It would be necessary to identify the type of food produced, to be able to place the activity into the right category.

Example 2: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household (Housework) 22 Cleaning and upkeep of dwelling and surroundings 225 Heating and water supply X 1 Paid work (SNA work) 12 Work for household in primary production activities 127 Collecting water (Includes: activities related to collecting, storing and distributing water) (when for own final use) Unpaid work activities – Housework

What’s the frontier between these two groups? Criterion currently adopted by the Brazilian Continuous National Household Survey: if you’re extracting water from the nature, it’s SNA work. If you’re bringing water from a well, or other source inside your property, it’s housework. But what if… You collect water from a river or fountain inside your property? You have to walk long distances to get water from a tanker car? Unpaid work activities – Housework

What do we really get from the diaries? Collecting water Carrying water Bringing water to the house Getting water It would be necessary to know where this water is being collected, to be able to place the activity into the right category. Unpaid work activities – Housework

Example 3: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 23 Do-it-yourself decoration, maintenance and small repair (Includes: painting, plastering, minor repairs to ceiling, floor, walls, roof; paving of driveway, carpentry work, plumbing, wiring) X 1 Paid work 14 Work for household in construction activities 141 Construction and repair for own capital formation (Includes: building of own house, additions to, remodeling and major repairs done to the house, garage or roof, etc.) (when for own capital formation) Unpaid work activities – Housework

What is the frontier between the two groups? Criterion currently adopted by the Brazilian Continuous National Household Survey : when you build something that didn’t exist before in the house, and you’re adding value to it, it’s SNA work. But what if… You have just finished building your house and you’re painting it? How to distinguish between minor and major repairs? Unpaid work activities – Housework

Example 4: 2 Unpaid domestic services for own final use within household 24 Care of textiles and footwear 245 Mending/repairing and care of clothes X 1 Paid work 13 Work for household in non-primary production activities Making textiles, waring apparel, leather and associate products (when for own final use) Unpaid work activities – Housework

What do we really get from the diaries? Sewing Embroidering Knitting We would have to know what exactly people are doing with the clothes, to be able to place the activity into the right category. This would mean that the interviewers would have to understand coding in detail, to be able to ask the right questions. Or can we solve these differentiations with context variables only? Unpaid work activities – Housework

Unpaid work activities – Caregiving ICATUS 2005ICATUS Providing unpaid caregiving services to household members 3 Unpaid caregiving services to household members 0711 Childcare31 Childcare 0712 Adult care32 Care to dependent adults 33 Care to non-dependent adults 072 Travel related Providing unpaid caregiving services n.e.c. 38 Travel related... 3x Other activitires related... n.e.c.

In Brazil, we have two sources of information for caregiving activities: 1 – Continuous National Household Survey Stylized questions – Did you care for children/adults of the household in the (reference) week? How many hours did you spend on this activity? Caregiving is an estimation of total time spent in a week Probably overestimated or roughly estimated (general answer: “I spend 24 hours on this activity”) 2 – Time Use Survey 24-hour diary Care as a secondary activity probably underreported Caregiving is then probably underestimated Unpaid work activities – Caregiving

Key group for solving underestimation: 31 Childcare 314 Minding children (passive care) (Includes: caring for children without the active involvement implied in 311; monitoring children playing outside or sleeping, preserving a safe environment; being an adult presence for children to turn to in need; supervising games) Hard to define what is “monitoring children” and “being an adult presence for children to turn to in need”. Do we include… All the time when you’re at home with the child but not really looking at them? Time when you’re not the only adult present with the child? Time spent checking a baby monitor several times during night sleep? Unpaid work activities – Caregiving

Recommendations of Canada’s General Social Survey Unpaid Work Module: INTERVIEWER: Include: - time when the respondent was doing another activity while looking after the children; - time when looking after the children was shared with someone else; -time when the child was having a nap. Exclude: - time the child spent sleeping during the night; - time the child spent at school, at a friend's or in organized activities. Unpaid work activities – Caregiving

Adult care: 32 Care to dependent adults X 33 Care to non-dependent adults Dependent adults: people who suffer any physical or mental illness or any disability or impairment What is the definition of non-dependent adults? What kind of activities do we expect to capture under this group? In the Brazilian surveys, we capture care only for dependent or temporarily sick adults. In terms of public policy, is it meaningful to measure care to non-dependent adults? Is it useful to distinguish care to sick, disabled and the elderly? Unpaid work activities – Caregiving

Volunteer work is seldom spontaneously declared; the concept is not very clear for both interviewers and respondents. Rare declarations like “doing volunteer work”. Volunteer work may be hidden behind activities such as “going to the church”, “going to the community center” or even “visiting neighbours” or “visiting friends”, if people don’t say what exactly they were doing in these places. How to encourage people to report volunteer work? What kind of context variables could we use for that? Unpaid work activities – Volunteer work

Thank you!