Presented to: CFR 521 Elliott Schmitt Photos from

Research Background/Sources S. Kim, B. Dale. (2004). Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues. Biomass and Bioenergy 26 p.361 – 375 – Method for estimating Bioethanol potential United Nations FAO-Statistics – ProdSTAT; global Agricultural product database – ForesSTAT; global forest product database International Energy Agency – World Energy Outlook 2006 – Future Energy Scenarios & Trends US DOE-EERE – Theoretical Ethanol Yield Calculator

Biomass Types Corn & Corn Stover Barley & Barley Straw Oat & Oat Straw Rice & Rice Straw Sorghum & Sorghum Straw Wheat & Wheat Straw Sugarcane & Bagasse +Recovered Waste Paper +Wood Residue (e.g. sawdust Africa Asia Europe North America Central America South America Oceania Studied Regions

Assumptions Agricultural data from 2006 FAOSTAT Theoretical Yields from US DOE Waste Crops, crop residues, and waste material only From Kim & Dale FBS (2003) Bio-feedstock properties Electricity & Steam generation from lignin ignored 60% required ground cover for all crop residues, except rice Ethanol is used in Medium-sized passenger E85 vehicle ~ 0.72 L of Gas per L of Ethanol

Properties

Total Feedstock

Corn Crop 64.2% of corn goes to Animal Feed 4.6% of Corn is wasted Corn Stover can produce GL

Barley 67% of Barley goes to animal feed.

Rice 88% of Rice goes to food production. Rice Straw can potentially displace 43 Billion gal of Gasoline 636 Tg of Rice produced globally in 2006

Recovered Paper World bio-ethanol produced ~ 97GL Theoretical Yield gal/ton (Mixed Paper Waste) All paper waste is converted, no recycling

Wood Residue World bio-ethanol produced ~ 282 GL Theoretical Yield gal/ton (Sawdust)

Results!!! World Crop production in 2006 was approximately 3674 Tg – An Increase of 174% from 2003 study – All crop production increased, except Oats which decreased by 4% – Sugar Cane production increased by 450% Bio-crops in 2006 could potentially yield ~ 653 GL of Ethanol + 97 GL (Paper Waste) GL (Wood Residue) = 1032 GL of Ethanol This is equivalent to 196 Billion Gallons of Gasoline (replaced in a mid-size passenger vehicle) Asia has the greatest potential for Bio-ethanol production

Future Energy Trends Europe expected to overtake Brazil by 2010, and the US by 2030 Global biofuels consumption expected to increase to73.0 Mtoe by 2015, and to Mtoe by 2030 – US, Brazil, & Europe makeup 89% of consumption in 2015, and 69% in 2030 (China has major increase) Global Oil demand expected to increase 116 mb/d in 2030 (140% increase) Oil peaks in 2015, major oil supply from OPEC and Non-conventional Oil (shales)

Conclusion Rice straw has the greatest potential of all crops ~ 219 GL – All Crop residues in general are important for bio-ethanol production Recovered Waste Paper & Wood Residues can play significant role By 2030 with increased crop production for increased population (9 Billion), waste crops, residues, and products have good potential as bio-ethanol feedstock Global Trade of biofuels should be encouraged in the future – Especially for Europe, who has minimal resources and a greater demand – Need to find ways to include developing countries (Africa) More information needed to calculate land usage, and other environmental, economic, & Social Impacts

Questions?