Pat Westhoff FAPRI at the University of Missouri ( Session on “Policy Options and Consequences for the 2012 Farm Bill” AAEA meetings Pittsburgh, July 26, 2011

 What the world looks like if a new farm bill simply continues current provisions  Commodity markets  Government program costs  Farm income  How the debt limit debate could change things, with update from bills just filed last night

Source: FAPRI-MU baseline, January Payments include direct payments, marketing loan benefits, countercyclical payments and ACRE payments. Assumes one acre of base for each acre planted and harvested.

Source: FAPRI-MU baseline, January USDA’s July estimate of 2011/12 prices: $5.50-$6.50 per bushel  Current prices are well above levels that would trigger marketing loan benefits or countercyclical payments  FAPRI, USDA, CBO projections all show wheat, feed grain and soybean prices remaining well above target prices and pre levels

2010/11 (USDA, July) 2011/12 (USDA, July) average (FAPRI-MU, Mar.) Corn per bu.$ $5.35$ $6.50 $4.72 Soybeans per bu.$11.35$ $14.00$11.59 Wheat per bu. $5.70$ $8.00 $5.54 Upland cotton per lb. $0.82$ $1.10 $0.74 Rice per cwt$12.50$ $14.20$13.03 Sources: USDA’s World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, July 2011 and FAPRI- MU’s US Baseline Briefing Book, March Note: FAPRI-MU plans to prepare a baseline update after August crop reports are released.

Sources: FAPRI-MU 2011 baseline

average average Direct payments Marketing loan net outlays Countercyclical payments ACRE payments Crop market loss assistance Sub-total Crop insurance indemnities Producer-paid premiums Crop insurance net indemnities Source: Update of “Crop Insurance: Background Statistics on Participation and Results,” FAPRI-MU report #10- 10, Table 1 ( using Jan FAPRI-MU stochastic baseline figures.

Projections based on FAPRI-MU 2011 stochastic baseline

Source: Update of “Crop Insurance: Background Statistics on Participation and Results,” FAPRI-MU report #10- 10, Table 2 ( using Jan FAPRI-MU stochastic baseline figures. CornSoybeansWheatCottonRice Crop insurance net indemnities/acre Marketing loan/acre ACRE payments/acre Direct payments/base a Countercyclical payments/base acre Total/acre or base acre Net indemnities/total44%40%51%40%7%

Source: Update of “Crop Insurance: Background Statistics on Participation and Results,” FAPRI-MU report #10- 10, Table 2 ( using Jan FAPRI-MU stochastic baseline figures. Note: Assumes one acre of base for each acre harvested. In reality, base acreage can be very different than harvested acreage.

FY 2012-FY2021 net outlays Commodity programs $61 billion Crop insurance $77 billion Conservation programs $63 billion Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program$691 billion Child nutrition programs$241 billion Notes: Estimates for farm and conservation programs are from CBO’s March 2011 baseline, and the nutrition program estimates are from CBO’s January 2011 baseline. Commodity Credit Corporation net outlays include commodity programs, export programs, one major conservation program (the conservation reserve program) and some other miscellaneous programs. CBO projects that net CCC outlays will total $97 billion over the FY 2012-FY 2021 period. Mandatory conservation program spending includes $39 billion in Natural Resources Conservation Service programs (EQIP, CSP, WRP, etc.) and $24 billion in CCC-funded programs (mostly CRP). Crop insurance spending by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation reflects both premium subsidies to agricultural producers and program delivery costs.

 Policy outlook  Current debt limit debate could be critical  Ethanol tax credit ($0.45/gallon) due to expire at end of 2011, proposals to eliminate immediately  Major choices could be made long before 2012 farm bill is written

 Could see changes in farm programs in the next week or at least by end of 2011  Reid proposal from last night  Effective in 2012, make direct payments on 59% of base, down from current 85% (a 30% reduction)  This would reduce direct payments by about $1.5 billion per year  ACRE participation may increase if direct payments reduced  Net budgetary saving likely to be a little over $10 billion over FY (summary of Reid says $10- $15 billion)

 Boehner proposal from last night  No immediate changes in farm programs (I think)  But commitment to vote on a bill cutting mandatory spending by year end  House has previously agreed to budget for large cuts in farm, conservation and nutrition programs  Not clear which (if either) approach will be followed  But significant chance farm programs could change before the end of 2011

 Only modest impacts on commodity markets  Bigger impacts on farm income, farm program outlays, land values  See FAPRI-MU report #08-11 at our website, Average impact compared to current law Commodity prices<2% change Farm program payments -$2.0 billion to -$4.6 billion Net farm income-$1.9 billion to -$3.2 billion Farm real estate values -1.8% to -2.7% Consumer food expenditures <0.1% change Note: Ranges reflect different assumptions about whether producers would choose to enroll in the ACRE program if direct payments are eliminated.

 The proposed legislation  Senate: S.1323 ( 2019/WashingtonPost/2011/07/26/National-Politics/Graphics/Boehner- plan.pdf) 2019/WashingtonPost/2011/07/26/National-Politics/Graphics/Boehner- plan.pdf  House: Amendment to S.627 ( 2019/WashingtonPost/2011/07/26/National-Politics/Graphics/reid- plan.pdf) 2019/WashingtonPost/2011/07/26/National-Politics/Graphics/reid- plan.pdf  Yes, they are mislabeled by the Washington Post  FAPRI-MU website:  To contact me:  