Objective: To examine the role of the navy and the battles of Bull Run and Antietam.

* It also showed that the war would be long and bloody. · The Confederates, led by Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, won the battle. * Battle showed each side that they needed training. Battle of Bull Run Animation Animation · 1st Union attack on the Confederacy.

July 21, Ruins of the Stone Bridge over which Northern forces retreated until it was blown up by a Rebel shell adding to the panic of the retreat, with the Federals returning to Washington as "a rain-soaked mob."

Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas), July, 1861 Lincoln sent 30,000 inexperienced soldiers to fight at Bull Run. Northern troops were pushed back to D.C. South won this battle but “lost the war”. WHY? Failed to capture Washington, D.C. Would never be so close to Washington, D.C. again Northern troops were pushed back to D.C. South won this battle but “lost the war”. WHY? Failed to capture Washington, D.C. Would never be so close to Washington, D.C. again

· Therefore, the South created an ironclad ship called the Merrimack to attack the Union navy. Naval Action · The Union blockade on Southern ports hurt the South.

In response, the North created an ironclad ship called the Monitor. * Ironclad ships changed naval warfare forever! The U.S.S. Monitor was the first Union iron-clad ship. This picture shows the deck and the turret of the U.S.S. Monitor.

USS Monitor in action with CSS Virginia, 9 March 1862

The Hunley – The world’s first submarine (Confederacy) Illustration of the H.L. Hunley submarine with its bow-mounted spar torpedo.

H. L. Hunley, suspended from a crane during its recovery from Charleston Harbor, August 8, 2000.

· The Confederate General Robert E. Lee decided to attack the Union in Maryland, on Union soil, in September of Antietam · Over 23,000 Union and Confederate troops were killed or wounded.

Dead Confederate soldiers after the Battle of Antietam Lincoln with McClellan and staff after the Battle of Antietam. Notable figures (from left) are McClellan; Lincoln; George Armstrong Custer.

President Lincoln and Gen. George B. McClellan in the general's tent near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862.

Theater/Battles 1862

On July 4, 1863  30,000 Confederate troops defending Vicksburg surrendered their arms.  Grant captured 260 cannons, 60,000 stand- of-arms, and more than 2 million rounds of ammunition.  Former slaves celebrated Independence Day for the first time.  4 days later, the Mississippi River was in the hands of the Union army  Effectively cutting the Confederacy in two.

Vicksburg/Gettysburg Grant captures Vicksburg, splits the CSA in half. USA controls the Mississippi River. Grant captures Vicksburg, splits the CSA in half. USA controls the Mississippi River.