The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing 2013 Norm Leppla University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology and Nematology

Norm’s Career in Insect Rearing Norm’s Career in Insect Rearing University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 years University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 years USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and Texas, 17 years USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and Texas, 17 years USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC and international, 7 years USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC and international, 7 years University of Florida- Integrated pest management and Biological Control, 16 years University of Florida- Integrated pest management and Biological Control, 16 years Chemical ecology and quality of Spalangia cameroni (Erika Machtinger) Chemical ecology and quality of Spalangia cameroni (Erika Machtinger) Rearing and quality of Tamarixia radiata (Chris Kerr) Rearing and quality of Tamarixia radiata (Chris Kerr) I. Introduction

Countries of Workshop Students

Quality Control Topics I. Introduction- Learning how to rear quality insects II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance III. Monitoring Quality IV. Evaluation and Management V. Guidelines for Quality Systems VI. Total Quality Management

Learning How to Rear High Quality Insects Apprentice in an insectary Apprentice in an insectary Network with other professionals Network with other professionals Literature plus trial-and-error Literature plus trial-and-error Visit other insectaries Visit other insectaries Reviews by experts Reviews by experts Education and Training programs Education and Training programs

MSU Insect Rearing Workshop John Schneider Frank Davis

/ An Introduction to Insect Rearing Physical Aspects of Insect Rearing Biological Aspects of Insect Rearing Following Insectary SOPs: How and Why? Online Rearing Courses

Insectary Manager Network Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insects 65 Members

Subscribe: Insect Rearing Professionals Google Group Léon Westerd Group moderator Head of insect rearing Wageningen UR, Netherlands

VI. Total Quality Management

Parts of an Insect Rearing System

Generic Guidelines for Quality Systems Policy, Planning and Administration Policy, Planning and Administration Design Assurance and Change Control Design Assurance and Change Control Control of Purchased Materials Control of Purchased Materials Production Quality Control Production Quality Control User Contact and Field Performance User Contact and Field Performance Corrective Action Corrective Action Employees- Select, Train and Motivate Employees- Select, Train and Motivate

A Complete QA System

Quality Assurance ActionsFrequency of Actions Production and Process ControlRoutinelyPeriodicallyPossibly Have up-to-date standard operating procedures X Use check sheets to monitor rearing processesX Record daily production dataX Track changes in productionX Review production with staffX Improve product quality based on staff feedback X Product Control Conduct product quality control assessmentsX Have established minimum thresholds of qualityX Use standard shipping and handling proceduresX Customer Service Add customer feedback forms to shipmentsX Add product use instructions to shipmentsX Have an established customer service programX Improve product quality based on customer feedback X

Quality Assurance ActionsFrequency of Actions ResearchRoutinelyPeriodicallyPossibly Maintain internal methods improvement X Conduct publishable research X Communicate research needs to outside researchers X Collaborate with researchers without funding projects X Contract for research and provide funding X Outreach Provide materials for training activities X Provide products for training activities X Participate in training activities X Describe quality assurance program X

II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance

II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

White witch, Thysania agrippina White witch, Thysania agrippina (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

Monarch Painted Lady Small-Scale Rearing: Butterflies II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems Rearing Systems

Annie Lorie “Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time” Punky Rogers Medium-Scale Rearing Rearing

Mass Rearing- Medfly Metapa, Mexico El Pino, Guatemala Capacity- 3.5 billion sterile male pupae per week

Honolulu, Hawaii Nori Tanaka

Peter Ebling Insect Producer Database Mgr. Great Lakes Forestry Centre 1219 Queen St. East Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 (705) II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects

World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 nematode orders World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 nematode orders Data submitted by sources Data submitted by sources Searchable database Searchable database Expand clients Expand clients Adopt-a-colony Adopt-a-colony

Field Collecting Cabbage Loopers

Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing Capability

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects of Colonized Insects

Maintaining the Quality of Colonized I nsects Collection of appropriate biotypes Collection of appropriate biotypes Colonization and strain development Colonization and strain development Rearing proficiency Rearing proficiency Colony management Colony management Optimization Optimization Strain replacement Strain replacement

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality III. C. Production, Process and Product Control III. Monitoring Quality

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests Quantity- Number of Pupae or Adults Quantity- Number of Pupae or Adults Size- Weight of Pupae Size- Weight of Pupae Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch Rate of Development-Synchronization Rate of Development-Synchronization Adult Behavior-Flight, Longevity Adult Behavior-Flight, Longevity Field Performance- Achieve Purpose Field Performance- Achieve Purpose

Specifications- Requirements for a product or service Standards- The level of quality at which a specification is written

III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Count = Measurement = N Count = Measurement = N Mean = Sum/Number of Counts = X Mean = Sum/Number of Counts = X Variance = Sum of (N – X) 2 / n-1 = 2 Variance = Sum of (N – X) 2 / n-1 = 2 Standard Deviation = Square Root of 2 = SD Standard Deviation = Square Root of 2 = SD

Container Average Sum of Squares 1,113.2 Variance278.3 Standard Deviation Number of Cabbage Looper Pupae Per Rearing Container Shelf 1 is lowest

Quality Control Charts

III. C. Production, Process and Product Control and Product Control

IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review IV. Evaluation and Management

IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures Procedures

IV. B. Quality Control Versus Methods Improvement Quality Control Monitor indicator variables Evaluate multiple variables Troubleshoot using QC data Conduct evaluations rapidly Goal is to restore stable production Methods Improvement Conduct evaluations methodically Test one variable at a time Use controlled experiments Test results in the production system Goal is to optimize production

Type of ResearchResearch Priorities Feasibility/market analysis Natural enemy effectiveness in controlling target pests Product development Quality assurance systems Mass production Rearing facilities Mechanized equipment Rearing materials Natural and artificial diets Rearing and harvesting techniques Production quality control Process quality control Product quality control Utilization Product handling and storage Automated counting technology Improved packaging and shipping Extended use period Efficient scouting techniques Optimal release numbers, rates and timing Mechanized application technologies Efficient product evaluation procedures Utilization quality control Application environment Site-specific pest prevention Systems to maximize the effectiveness of natural enemies Natural enemy use with pesticides Systems with multiple products and pests Effectiveness in seasonal and perennial crops

Olivefly Methods Improvement FAO/IAEA Entomology Unit Seibersdorf, Austria Bactrocera oleae

Eggs/Cage Eggs laid Eggs hatched Sex ratio male:female

Total eggs laid Number of females Eggs laidEggs Hatched

Eggs laidEggs hatched Total eggs laid Number of males

Olivefly Methods Improvement

IV. C. Periodic Review

V. Guidelines for Quality Systems IOBC

Global Quality Control Programs Individual Companies Customers International Standards ISO 9000 IOBC Guidelines The Marketplace Quality Products

to facilitate and advance cost-effective rearing of high quality insects and other arthropods in support of biological control and integrated pest management International Organization for Biological Control Mission:

Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) 1982Gainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1984Wadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1986Guatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. Calkins 1988Vancouver, Canada C. 0. Calkins 1991Wageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren 1992Horsholm, Denmark F. Bigler 1993Rimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla 1995Santa Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla 1998 Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley 2003 Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and NCL 2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister 2010 Vienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron 2013 Bangalore, India P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

Insect Pest Control (IPC) sterile-insect-technique.html

Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control References Leppla, N. C Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Parasitoids and Predators. In Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms. Elsevier. Leppla, N. C Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Parasitoids and Predators. In Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms. Elsevier. Leppla, N. C The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Leppla, N. C The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Leppla, N. C. 2004, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer. Leppla, N. C. 2004, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer. Leppla, N. C Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Procedures. CABI. Leppla, N. C Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Procedures. CABI. Leppla, N. C. 2002, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. Leppla, N. C. 2002, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press.

For more information or a copy of this presentation please visit: