New World Beginnings

Early Civilizations Agriculture, especially corn growing, accounted for the size and sophistication of the Native American civilizations Agriculture, especially corn growing, accounted for the size and sophistication of the Native American civilizations –Hunter gatherers in highland Mexico developed a wild grass into the staple crop of Corn –Creates the Aztec and Incan nation-states –Where it was planted it transformed nomadic hunting bands into settled villagers.

The Pueblo When corn reached the southwest and molded the Pueblo culture. When corn reached the southwest and molded the Pueblo culture. –Dwelt in villages of multistoried terraced buildings. –Spanish make contact in the 16th century. –Corn arrives in other parts of North America later and explains much about the rates of development in different native cultures.

Societies Outside of the Pueblo societies scarcely existed Outside of the Pueblo societies scarcely existed One of the reasons for the relative ease with which the Europeans subdued the native North Americans. One of the reasons for the relative ease with which the Europeans subdued the native North Americans.

Mound Builders of Ohio River Valley Most archeologists believe that the mound builders were several cultures, there were several kinds of mounds built for several reasons: Temples, Burial, and effigy (serpent mound) Most archeologists believe that the mound builders were several cultures, there were several kinds of mounds built for several reasons: Temples, Burial, and effigy (serpent mound)

Eastern Tribes Farming arrives in about 1100 AD Farming arrives in about 1100 AD Three sister farming – Corn, Beans and Squash. Three sister farming – Corn, Beans and Squash. Produced some of the highest Population densities in North America Produced some of the highest Population densities in North America Creek, Choctaw, and the Cherokee. Creek, Choctaw, and the Cherokee.

Iroquois The Iroquois Confederacy or League of Five Nations, included the nations of... Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. The Iroquois Confederacy or League of Five Nations, included the nations of... Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. Haudenosaunee, this man lived around the late 1500s and was the founder of the Iroquois Confederation of the northeastern United States and Southeastern Canadian regions... his negotiation and diplomatic skills brought the original Five Nations (later Six Nations c ) together into a great Confederation, for the benefit of their mutual peoples. Haudenosaunee, this man lived around the late 1500s and was the founder of the Iroquois Confederation of the northeastern United States and Southeastern Canadian regions... his negotiation and diplomatic skills brought the original Five Nations (later Six Nations c ) together into a great Confederation, for the benefit of their mutual peoples.

Indirect Discoverers Norsemen discovered the Northeast shoulder of America in 1000 Norsemen discovered the Northeast shoulder of America in 1000 –Called it Vinland –Had no strong support form their Nation Christian Crusaders 1000 – 1300 AD Christian Crusaders 1000 – 1300 AD –Tried to get the Holy Land from the Muslims –Acquired a taste for the exotic spices and silks of Asia ( Marco Polo) –New Portuguese sailing techniques allowed them to sail to China and the Spice Islands

When two worlds collide New world plants that changed Europe – Potato, corn, tomato New world plants that changed Europe – Potato, corn, tomato Old world plants that changed the Americas – sugar cane Old world plants that changed the Americas – sugar cane Europeans also brought disease, smallpox, yellow fever and malaria Europeans also brought disease, smallpox, yellow fever and malaria Horse transforms the North American Indian’s culture. Horse transforms the North American Indian’s culture.

Spanish America First universities were established by the Spanish in Mexico City and Lima Peru. First universities were established by the Spanish in Mexico City and Lima Peru. To block English and French expansion the Spanish establish a fort at St. Augustine in Florida. (oldest city) To block English and French expansion the Spanish establish a fort at St. Augustine in Florida. (oldest city) Founded Santa Fe in 1609 Founded Santa Fe in 1609 Establish settlements in Texas in 1716 to counter the French including the Alamo. Establish settlements in Texas in 1716 to counter the French including the Alamo. In 1769 the Spanish found a mission at San Diego and late a series of 21 missions from San Diego to San Francisco. In 1769 the Spanish found a mission at San Diego and late a series of 21 missions from San Diego to San Francisco.

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 Divided the new world between Spain and Portugal. Divided the new world between Spain and Portugal.