Unit 2 Lesson 5 & 6 Oxford Preparatory Academy

Transport in Vascular Plants / How Cells Get Energy Big Idea

Anticipatory Set  Have you ever put a flower into a vase with food coloring in it? What happened?

Science Standard 2.e Students know how sugar, water, and minerals are transported in a vascular plant.

Science Standard 2.f Students know how plants use CO 2 and energy from sunlight to build molecules of sugar and release oxygen

Science Standard 2.g Students know plant and animal cells break down sugar to get energy (results in CO 2 and water).

Input  Vascular tissue – Tissue that supports a plant and carries water and food throughout the plant.  Xylem – Vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients from roots to other parts of the plant.

Input  Phloem – Vascular tissue that carries food from leaves to the other parts of a plant.  Photosynthesis – The process by which plants make food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water and release oxygen into the air.

Input  Cellular Respiration – The process by which cells use oxygen for breaking down sugar to release energy.  Fermentation – The process that releases energy from sugar in the absence of oxygen.

Input Nonvascular and Vascular Plants (Pg. 194)  Mosses are nonvascular plants  They don’t have true roots, leaves, or stems  They do not have tubes that transport materials  These plants absorb water from surroundings  They cannot grow too big  Only survive when there is water around

Input  Trees are vascular  Roots, stems, and leaves all have tubes to carry materials  2 kinds of vascular tissue  Xylem and Phloem

Input Roots and Stems (Pg. 196)  Roots absorb water and nutrients  Xylem cells move them up the stem  Small plants have these structures in bunches  Large plants have these arranged in rings.  Stems also provide the plant with support to hold up the leaves to sunlight

Input Leaves (Pg. 198)  Xylem brings water and nutrients to the leaves, but the plant also needs food.  Leaves make food for the plant  Leaf cells contain chloroplasts that absorb light to convert to food.  Phloem then takes the created sugar to all of the plant’s cells

Input Photosynthesis (Pg. 206)  The process of plants making food is called photosynthesis  This also gives energy to animals who eat plants  Sunlight is absorbed by chloroplasts  This causes water molecules to split  CO 2 then combines with the Hydrogen from the water to form glucose (sugar).

Input  Photosynthesis also releases Oxygen and water which is released through stomata back into the environment.  About 90% of the Oxygen in the air comes from photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

Input Cellular Respiration (pg. 208)  Sugar made by plants must be broken down so the cells can use it.  This is called cellular respiration  Takes place in both plants and animals  Oxygen breaks down the sugar and releases the energy  Water and CO 2 are produced  Basically the reverse of Photosynthesis!

Cellular Respiration

Input  Cellular respiration cannot always meet our body’s needs for energy.  During heavy exercise there is not enough Oxygen to break down sugar.  Fermentation, a different process, does not require Oxygen.  It produces less energy and more waste  You can also see fermentation when bread is rising  Carbon dioxide is being released

Input The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle (Pg. 210)

Summary  Write your own! You can do it!

Unanswered Questions  How does your body know when to switch from cellular respiration to fermentation?  Create 2 more (You must have 3 written down).

Ethics  A major problem facing the world is deforestation (the destruction of forests). This is done to generate resources we use to create many items we use daily and clear space for housing (Earth’s population is growing and more space is needed). What are the potential problems of this practice? Why? Are there any alternatives?

Modeling  Where does photosynthesis take place in plants?  When there is not enough Oxygen to perform cell respiration, what can your body do?

Check for understanding  What is the opposite process of photosynthesis?  - Cellular Respiration

Check for understanding  What are the two types of vascular tissue?  Xylem and Phloem