Ergogenic aids

Introduction  Performance enhancement aids, commonly referred to as ergogenic aids, this is a generic term to describe anything that enhances performance.

Ergogenic aids  If a performer wears specific footwear for your activity to improve your grip or wear a Speedo LZR swimsuit you are making use of performance enhancement aids/ ergogenic aids.  3R9g&feature=related 3R9g&feature=related 3R9g&feature=related

Remember that  The VAST Majority of ergogenic aids are in fact legal. Not all are negative or ;drug cheats’ when hearing the term.  Ergogenic aids are not a new thing in the early years of the tour de france cyclists consumed a cocktail of substances, containing alcohol and speed (amphetamine).

Because of the increase in technology, the practice of ergogenic aids has increased So much so that the IOC (International, Olympic Committee) and the WADA (World anti doping agency) Has now produced a list of ergogenic aids that are banned and those that have restrictions.

Despite banned lists, use of ergogenic aids has not stopped and in many cases cheats are creating ‘masking’ drugs, which hide the use of the banned substances.

Types of aids to performance Dietary manipulation CHO Carbohydrate loading p488 PRo PRo

Fluid intake  P490  Water intake during prolonged exercise reduces the risk of dehydration and optimises performance.  Copy Figure 19.3 p490

Types of sports drinks read page 490 for details  Hypotonic drinks = 4% glucose  Isotonic drinks = 5-7 % = same amount of glucose as blood  ABM ABM ABM  Hypertonic drinks = 19% glucose

Creatine supplements  Creatine is made up of amino acids and in found in some animal foods and naturally in the liver/kidneys. It is stored in small amounts in the mucles known as PC and is used to resynthesise ATP.  Athletes take creatine to increase PC levels they therefore aid the ATP/PC system efficiency. Legal or illegal?????

Creatine supplements

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

HGH  Stimulating bone, cartilage and muscle growth  Increase blood glucose levels  Increases lipases for breakdown of FFA’S Free fatty acids  Decreases overall body fat  Simulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle to enhance healing after injuries.

Gene Doping  3bs 3bs 3bs  Hard to detect  Legal or illegal?????

Blood Doping  Bllod doping key term definition: ‘Any means by which a persons total volume of red blood cells is increased’ TNgNizUQ TNgNizUQ

Recombinant Erythropoietin (RH EP0)  Key term definition ‘Erythropoietin (EPO) is naturally occuring hormone which increses the bodys ability to manufacture red bllod cells’ ‘Rh EPO An artificial synthetic copy of erythropoietin’

Rh EPO  By ingesting Rh EPO you are producing the same results as blood doping in that it increases the production of red blood cells/haemoglobin levels.  Advantages disadvantages???  Legal or illegal???

Cooling aids  Used primarily prior to the activity to reduce core body temperature in a bid to improve performance, or after the activity in a bid to improve performance, or after the activity in a bid to improve the recovery process.

Cooling aids used  Cold air exposure  Water immersion/ice baths  Fan cooling  Cold water spraying  Body/head cooling jacket/vest  Cold therapy packs/ wraps/ ice packing in damp towels.

Pre cooling  Pre  Usung ice jacket- aims to reduce skin temperature and consequently core body temperature. Should last between 8-30 mins.  Resaerch indicates that cooling is advisable before prolonged exercise in hot temperatures, can help sustain intensity and speed– extend on advantages p495

Post Cooling  Used to treat injuries as part of recovery.  RICE METHOD????  Ice  Compression  Elevation  Rest

All performance enhancement p  Ice wraps/packets  Ice Baths

Resistance aids  Pulleys--  Provide resistance training  Parachutes –  The use of parachutes  By sprinters can provide fun  And variety from routine training

Other performance enhancement aids to consider P make notes  ALCOHOL  CAFFEINE  ANABOLIC STEROIDS  ANALGESICS/ ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS – any medicine that relieves pain.  MASKING AGENTS