Weekly Group Meeting Title: Radio Design in Nanometer Technologies (Chapters 1 -3) By Assad Saleem

2 Chapter 1 “4G” AND THE WIRELESS WORLD 2015 CHALLENGES IN SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES AND COMMUNICATION PARADIGMS

3 Technology Transformation From: an expansive, highly visible “high- tech” technology as in early cell phone To: “a disappearing technology” that is present everywhere and taken for granted

4 Flexible air interfaces Problems: –Complexity –Inherent lack of flexibility –Built-in flexibility in the system is not sufficient to meet future needs

5 Six Grand Challenges in Wireless Systems Scalability and affordability (affordable mass market services Seamlessness and Transparency Mastering complexity of interaction (high quality services that are easy to use for every one) Zero-configuration and reliability (cognitive, adaptive and self-configuring) Regulative environment (lowering regulatory barriers to stimulate innovation) Policies and business models

6 Challenges in Radio Design also Two key requirements for future radios Multi-mode capability –Not useful since the expected life cycle time in terminals is short compared to the deployment rate of new infrastructure –E.g., a laptop PC; the vast majority of users use pre- installed software and never install new software on their own. Spectrum agility –Focus here is on wide frequency range rather than re- configurability and programmability –In this respect radios do not need to be software defined –Also, a cognitive radio does not need to be software defined

7 Chapter 2 CELLULAR RF REQUIREMENTS AND INTEGRATION TRENDS

8 Handset Technology Drivers From: –3kg –$3000 –useless To: –100g –$100 –Weeks of standby time

9 Handset Complexity Ericsson GH192 –Single band digital radio modem –2 PCBs –RF part 5200mm 2 –350 RF components –2 ASICs –2 ICs –12 modules –5 V Ericsson T39 –Triple band digital radio modem –1 PCB –RF part 1000mm 2 –90 RF components –2 ASICs –1 IC –5 modules –2.7 V Ericsson T28 –Two band digital radio modem –1 PCB –RF part 1300mm 2 –140 RF components –3 ASICs –1 IC –4 modules –3.6 V (2.7 V)

10 RF Transceiver Design Challenges Frequency Conversion Noise Linearity Selectivity Domain and ASIC Technology choices

11 Chapter 3 SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO – VISIONS, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS

12 Software Defined Radio A generic hardware which can be programmed to perform any kind of radio function and comply with any radio standard Software defined radio will be feasible within 10 years

13 Software Defined Radio Started for military to serve multi standard during joint operations Trend in civil market is fast moving in a direction where we need such devices Its because of so many standards: –GSM, GPRS, EDGE, IS-95(CDMA), CDMA2000, WCDMA, HSUPA, HSDPA, HSPA, SAE/LTE –WiMAX (802.16d, e) –WiFi (802.11a, b, g) –DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-H, DAB –Bluetooth

14 US Govt. lead research on SDR Open source software communication architecture

15 Kernel Identification (still working …)

16 Transceiver Format Source encode Encrypt Channel encode Multiplex Pulse Modul- ation Bandpass Modul- ation Frequency spread Multiple access XMTXMT Synchro- nization Format Source Decode Decrypt Channel decode Demult- iplex Detect Demodulate & Sample Frequency despread Multiple access RCVRCV CHANNELCHANNEL Information source Information sink

17 GSM Transceiver Format Source encode Encrypt Channel encode Multiplex Pulse Modul- ation Bandpass Modul- ation Frequency spread Multiple access XMTXMT Synchro nization Format Source Decode Decrypt Channel decode Demult- iplex Detect Demodulate & Sample Frequency despread Multiple access RCVRCV CHANNELCHANNEL Information source Information sink GMSK FDMA/ TDMA/ FDD 13 kbit/s RPE-LTP Interleaving Equalization Antenna diversity Freq. hopping

18 Kernels for TDM (GSM) Tx/Rx baseband Processing Modulation Burst forming & Multiplexing Encryption Bit interleaving Channel Coding Speech Coding Demodulation De-multiplexing Decryption Bit De-interleaving Channel Decoding Speech Decoding

19 IS-95 Transceiver Format Source encode Encrypt Channel encode Multiplex Pulse Modul- ation Bandpass Modul- ation Frequency spread Multiple access XMTXMT Synchro nization Format Source Decode Decrypt Channel decode Demult- iplex Detect Demodulate & Sample Frequency despread Multiple access RCVRCV CHANNELCHANNEL Information source Information sink GMSK CDMA/ FDMA/ FDD LPC EVRC Interleaving Equalization Antenna diversity Freq. hopping

20 Kernels for CDMA Tx/Rx baseband Processing Multiplexer Mapper Block interleaver Viterbi Encoder Correlator De-multiplexer Symbol Extraction, Demapping De-interleaver Viterbi Decoder CRC Detector

21 Kernels for OFDMA Tx/Rx baseband Processing Append Cyclic Prefix IFFT Sub-channelization & Pilot Insertion Symbol Mapping Interleaving FEC Coding Randomization Remove Cyclic Prefix FFT De-subchannelization & Pilot Extraction Channel Estimation, Equalization and CFO Correction Symbol De-mapping De-interleaving FEC Coding De-randomization

22 Common Kernels Multiplexer Symbol Mapping Interleaver De-multiplexer Symbol De-mapping De-interleaver

23 References 1.M. Ismail, D. Gonzalez “Radion Design in Nanometer Technologies” 2006 Springer 2.Bernard Sklar “Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications” Pearson Education 3.A. F. Molisch “Wireless Communications” IEEE Press John Wiley

Thank You.