Chapter 9 DNA: The Genetic Material Read Demo model (student race) Lab Activity from Binder DNA and RNA Crossword puzzle

Vocabulary ( ) anticodon codon base sequence genetic code RNA polymerase transcription translation restriction enzyme DNA replication ribosomal RNA

Introduction Cells come from existing cells – the cell theory “Like produces like” – dogs produce pups not kittens But how??????? Heredity- transmission of traits from one generation to the next Genetics- the science of heredity usually dealing with the molecular basis

I. HISTORY chromosomes were observed for many years since 1850 colored bodies- selectively absorbed stain composition determined- protein and nucleic acid How did they fit together? James Watson (American) and Francis Crick (British) Proposed model of DNA and chromosomes “DOUBLE HELIX” Won the Nobel Prize in 1953 in Physiology

II. DNA A. Structure (handout from binder) Nucleotide Phosphate group + Sugar + Nitrogen base

Processes Involving DNA 1.Semi-conservative Replication See Handout #1 (pg. 105 in NB) DNA  DNA Enzyme involvement Unzipping- DNA helicases Uniting- DNA polymerase proofreading

2.Transcription (DNA code is converted to RNA code) See Handout #2 (pg. 106) DNA  RNA

Contrasting DNA and RNA DNA 2 strands Deoxyribose Remains in Nucleus Bases –ATCG (thymine) A-T G-C RNA 1 strand Ribose Exits nucleus Bases –AUGC (uracil) A-U G-C Chargraff’s Ratio: #C = #G #A = #T

3 Types of RNA 1.mRNA (messenger)- carries instructions for making proteins from a gene and delivers to site of translation RNA  proteins (nucleotides) translation (amino acids) RNA instructions – series of 3 nucleotide sequence on mRNA called a codon *each codon corresponds to an amino acid (start/stop codon)

2.tRNA (transfer)- carry specific amino acid on one end. Compact shape Carries anticodon (compliment to mRNA codon) 3.rRNA (ribosomal)- Structural material. Along with protein composes a ribosome.

How Proteins are made Ch. 10 (read ) 4.Translation (protein synthesis) 1. Begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. 2. tRNA brings the amino acid -when tRNA brings each new aa it bonds with the adjacent aa (peptide bond)

3.After amino acids have bonded, the tRNA leaves. -Continues until STOP codon -Protein synthesis is done -New protein is releasedNew protein is released

PROTEINS HAVE DEFINATE SHAPES. IF THE SHAPES CHANGE THEY WON’T FUNCTION PROPERLY

DNA code TGA ______________ _______________ mRNA codon _____________ UCU_______________ tRNA anticodon`_____________ _______________________________ Amino acid ____________ ______________ tryptophan

DNA code CAT ______________ _______________ mRNA codon _____________ GUU_______________ tRNA anticodon`_____________ _______________________________ Amino acid ____________ ______________ methionine

CP Biology Article Presentation 4-5 minute summary of article summary DO NOT READ FROM THE SUMMARY – you can use note cards if you want You need at least one visual that will help illustrate points that you are making in your presentation – posters, powerpoints (4-6 slides….Be creative! If you do not do this correctly, you will have to redo this in front of the class…do it right the first time! Start after the test on DNA approximately Jan. 17 th Dress appropriately for giving a presentation

TEST THURSDAY – Test Topics Notes on DNA/RNA Vocab Reading , Semi Conservative Replication, Transcription and Translation – Handouts in Binder that we colored… DNA/RNA Lab Crossword, Text Questions 200,220

NOTEBOOK CONTENTS 2 nd Quarter Notebook Check Cover Sheet Assignment Sheet Grade Sheet w/ Vocabulary 22 (primary prod.) - 58 (microvilli) Notes Systems Life Processes (Digestive System pg 83-85) Teeth lab Daily Work –Too hot Not to Handle –Ecosystems WS –CH 18 WS pg 57 –CH 19 WS Human Impact –Ch 2 Chem of Life –Biochem Crossword –Enzyme WS Labs –Pred/Prey LabBat Graph –-Beano Lab /Graph –Enzyme Computer Lab – (not in 2011) Tot. Pts % Grade THIS IS 10% OF YOUR QUARTER GRADE!!!