Systems Design: Job-Order Costing Chapter 3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Systems Design: Job-Order Costing Chapter 3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Types of Product Costing Systems Process Costing Job-order Costing  Many different products are produced each period.  Products are manufactured to order.  The unique nature of each order requires tracing or allocating costs to each job, and maintaining cost records for each job.  Many different products are produced each period.  Products are manufactured to order.  The unique nature of each order requires tracing or allocating costs to each job, and maintaining cost records for each job. 3-2

Comparing Process and Job-Order Costing 3-3

Measuring Direct Materials Cost 3-4

Job-Order Cost Accounting 3-5

The predetermined overhead rate (POHR) used to apply overhead to jobs is determined before the period begins. Manufacturing Overhead Application 3-6

Determining Predetermined Overhead Rates Predetermined overhead rates are calculated using a three-step process.  Estimate the level of production for the period.   Estimate total amount of the allocation base for the period.   Estimate total manufacturing overhead costs. POHR =  ÷  3-7

Job-Order Cost Accounting 3-8

Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Job Cost Sheets Materials Requisition Manufacturing Overhead Account Direct materials Indirect materials Materials used may be either direct or indirect. 3-9

Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Job Cost Sheets Employee Time Ticket Manufacturing Overhead Account An employee’s time may be either direct or indirect. Direct Labor Indirect Labor 3-10

Job-Order Costing Document Flow Summary Manufacturing Overhead Account Other Actual OH Charges Job Cost Sheets POHR rate used to apply overhead Materials Requisition Employee Time Ticket Indirect Labor Indirect Material 3-11

Raw Materials Material Purchases Mfg. Overhead Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) ActualApplied Direct Materials Indirect Materials The Purchase and Issue of Raw Materials 3-12

Cost Flows – Material Purchases Raw material purchases are recorded in an inventory account. 3-13

Cost Flows – Material Usage Direct materials issued to a job increase Work in Process and decrease Raw Materials. Indirect materials used are charged to Manufacturing Overhead and also decrease Raw Materials. 3-14

Mfg. Overhead Salaries and Wages Payable Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Materials Direct Labor Indirect Materials ActualApplied Indirect Labor The Recording of Labor Costs 3-15

Mfg. Overhead Salaries and Wages Payable Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Materials Direct Labor Indirect Materials ActualApplied Indirect Labor Applying Manufacturing Overhead Other Overhead Overhead Applied Overhead Applied to Work in Process If actual and applied manufacturing overhead are not equal, a year-end adjustment is required. 3-16

Finished Goods Work in Process (Job Cost Sheet) Direct Materials Direct Labor Overhead Applied Cost of Goods Mfd. Transferring Completed Units 3-17

End of Chapter