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Process Cost Accounting Section 1: Process Cost Accounting System Chapter 28 Section Objectives 1.Compute equivalent units of production with no beginning work in process inventory. 2.Prepare a cost of production report with no beginning work in process inventory. 3.Compute the unit cost of manufacturing under the process cost accounting system. 4.Record costs incurred and the flow of costs as products move through the manufacturing process and are sold. McGraw-Hill© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

28-3 This system is used in operations when a single product is manufactured and production is continuous. Companies like oil refineries, cement producers, and paint manufacturers use this system. Costs are accumulated for each process or department and then transferred to the next department. Process Cost Accounting System

28-4 Job order cost sheets are not maintained. Separate work in process accounts are maintained for each department. Costs are identified with specific departments as incurred. Under a process cost system: How is a process cost system different from a job order cost system?

28-5 All products begin in the Assembly Department. Assembly Department Finished Goods Inventory Finishing Department Knox Manufacturing Company (manufacturer of trays) Trays to be sold in an unpainted state are transferred to the finished goods storeroom. Trays to be painted are transferred to the Finishing Department. Flow of Goods in a Factory Operation

28-6 Departmental Cost Data All costs are recorded by department Assembly Finishing Department Department

28-7 Compute equivalent units of production with no beginning work in process inventory. Objective 1

28-8 Equivalent production is the estimated number of units that could have been started and completed with the same effort and costs incurred in the department during the month. ANSWER: QUESTION: What is equivalent production in a process cost system?

28-9 Assembly Department Separate equivalent unit computations are made for materials and for labor and overhead. In computing equivalent production, accountants frequently consider labor and overhead to be at the same stage of production. Calculating Equivalent Units

28-10 Prepare a cost of production report with no beginning work in process inventory. Objective 2

28-11 Summarizes all costs charged to each department. Shows costs assigned to: Goods transferred out of the department Goods still in process Has separate sections for: Quantities Costs Reconciles the total to be accounted for with the total accounted for. Cost of Production Report

28-12 Compute the unit cost of manufacturing under the process cost accounting system. Objective 3

28-13 Cost Schedule Quantity Schedule Cost of Production Report by Department Shows units to be accounted for and what happened to those units. Shows total and unit cost of each element and cumulative cost total. Shows cost of units transferred out.

28-14 Cost ScheduleTotal CostE.P. UnitsUnit cost Costs to be accounted for: Costs in current Department Materials$18,0006,000$3.00 Labor$25,0005,900$4.24 Manufacturing O.H.$12,2805,900$2.08 Cumulative Total Cost$55,280$9.32 Materials cost per unit = $18,000 / 6,000 units = $3.00/per unit Cost Schedule: Unit Cost

28-15 Record costs incurred and the flow of costs as products move through the manufacturing process and are sold. Objective 4

28-16 Charging Direct Materials Costs to Work in Process 20-- Apr 28 Work in Process—Assembly Department 18, Work in Process—Finishing Department 8, Raw Materials Inventory 26, Allocation of materials to production;

28-17 Charging Direct Labor to Work in Process 20-- Apr 28 Work in Process—Assembly Department 25, Work in Process—Finishing Department 16, Social Security Tax Payable 2, Medicare Tax Payable Employee Income Tax Payable 6, Salaries and Wages Payable 31, Salaries and wages for April.

28-18 Manufacturing Overhead Costs in the Process Cost Accounting System 1.When incurred, overhead costs are debited to the Manufacturing Overhead account. 2.At month-end, overhead costs are allocated to the producing departments: Debit Work-in-Process—Assembly Department Debit Work-in-Process—Finishing Department Credit Manufacturing Overhead

28-19 Recording Transfers of Products out of Departments Assembly Department Finishing Department Finished Goods Inventory Assembly Department Finishing Department $46,600$67,828 $4, Apr 28 Work in Process—Finishing Department 46, Finished Goods Inventory 4, Work in Process —Assembly Department 51, Cost of goods transferred out of laminating department in April 28 Finished Goods Inventory 67, Work in Process—Finishing Department 67, Cost of goods completed in April

28-20 The final step is to record the sale of finished goods. Recording Sale of Finished Goods 1.Record sales. 2. Record cost of goods sold Apr 28 Accounts Receivable 105, Record sales on credit for April Cost of Goods Sold 65, Finished Goods 65, Sales 105, Cost of goods sold in April 28 **In a perpetual inventory system, two journal entries are required to record a sale.

Process Cost Accounting Section 2: Work in Process Inventory Chapter 28 Section Objectives 5.Compute equivalent production and prepare a cost of production report with a beginning work in process inventory. McGraw-Hill© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

28-22 Compute equivalent production and prepare a cost of production report with a beginning work in process inventory. Objective 5

28-23 The company discussed in the previous section did not have any beginning work in process. However, beginning work in process inventories are a normal part of business operations. Beginning Work in Process Inventory

28-24 The average method of process costing combines the cost of beginning inventory for each cost element with the costs of the current period. ANSWER: QUESTION: What is the average method of process costing?

28-25 Assembly Finishing Department Department Departmental Data with Beginning Inventory Beginning inventory costs Beginning inventory quantities

28-26 Unit Costs Using the Average Method of Process Costing Unit Cost = (Beginning work in process inventory + Current period costs) ÷ Equivalent units The beginning work in process inventory is shown on the cost of production report under the appropriate department. Unit costs are calculated by adding the beginning inventory to the current period costs for each cost element, then dividing by equivalent units.

28-27 The ending work in process of one period becomes the beginning work in process of the following period. Journal entries are made as shown earlier in Section 1 to record the transfer of costs. Recording Cost Flows

28-28 Transfer of goods from one department to another and to finished goods inventory: Record the costs of goods from work in process to finished goods inventory: 20-- May 31Work in Process—Finishing Department 51, Finished Goods Inventory 3, Work in Process—Assembly Department 55, Cost of goods transferred out of Assembly department in May May 31Finished Goods Inventory 91, Work in Process—Finishing Department 91, Cost of goods completed in May and transferred out. Recording Transfer of Costs

28-29 Thank You for using College Accounting, 12th Edition Price Haddock Farina