Aspects of partial discharge measurement 1 Introduction 2 Historical overview 3 Digital measuring techniques 4 Future trends 5 Summary Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement 1 Introduction Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

why it´s necessary to know more about partial discharges (pd)? Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik For avoiding outages of electri-cal power supply the measure-ment of pd´s seems to be neces-sary Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik pd´s can be an indicator for „weak points“ into the electrical insulation ! pd might be caused by poor design of the insulation failures during manufacturing or assembling failures by electrical, thermal, mechanical, … overstress in operation normal ageing or degradation processes Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik the pd- measurement as an important tool for quality control is used not only in the electrical power engineering, but more and more in other application fields of electrical insulation low voltage power devices (motors, transformers, .. ) electronic devices … Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

typical quality defects in MV- GIS - particle on the insulators missing bolts or bad contacts on conductor- connections - free potential components - microvoids into insulators - . . . Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik typical quality defects in power cables protrusions on conductive sheets microvoids cracks (conductive, insulated) Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik typical quality defects in power cables water tree (wt) wt + electrical tree Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik typical quality defects in power cables oil- paper cable connectors Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

basic questions for pd measurement how pd´s can be measured ?  principles  sensitivity kind of failure („weak points“) ?  identification dangerousness where pd´s (weak points) are located ?  localization Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement 1 Introduction 2 Historical overview Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik Historical overview [G.C.Lichtenberg, 1777)] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik Historical overview detection of failures on overhead lines and power transformers (B.Koske 1939) Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

apparent charge q measurement principles 1:Tp / T2 = 1 µs / 5 µs 2:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 50 ns 3:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 20 ns Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik first devices Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

narrowband measuring devices less disturbances easy handling no special experiences Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

broadband measuring devices more information about the pd- processes more suszeptibly to noise, disturbances special knowledge is requested Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik first devices Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

measurement principles [IEC 60270] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik real pd spectra Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Standardized measuring circuit [IEC 270, 60270] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

How dangerous are pd´s ? Is there any correlation between the measured charge and the lifetime ? Qkrit = ? moisture of paper w  more informations about the pd- processes were necessary ! Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement [Izeki, Tatsuta, 1984] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement typical PRPP Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement 1 Introduction 2 Historical overview 3 Digital measuring techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques model sensors 1 recognition diagnosis analysis, 2 action data acquisition cbm, service, risk assess-ment n database Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

statistical parameters of pd´s [see also Gulski, 1991] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

digital measurement techniques statistical data of typical pd- sources stored in a database  diagnostic (expert) system Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement typical pd- reference -data -base of available pd- systems ? measured pd - pattern product- specifical- pd- data must be obtained ! Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement high measuring sensitivity high susceptibility to noise, disturbances, … Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Sources of electromagnetic disturbances 1 net connection 2, 11 power supply 3 hv- transformer 4 low pass filter 5 hv leads 6 coupling cap. 7 free potential obj. 8 stochastic disturb. 9 periodic disturb. 10 ground Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

suppression of disturbances radio/HF- suppression impuls- suppression amplifyer electronic integrator processing reflection- suppression [Lemke, 1981] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

suppression of disturbances Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

suppression of disturbances screening of the testroom Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

suppression of disturbances noise signals, caused by SFC- generator, located in the same testroom new methods for suppression of disturbances are requested Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik localization of the pd- producing „weak points“ ?  classical method (reflectrometry) non electrical (classical) methods (acoustical, optical, …)  ultra- high- frequency method (UHF) (electromagnetic field , combined with acoustic measurement) Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

(classical) principle of reflectrometry Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

methods of failure localization in cable- joints -1 2 3 A B C D Richtkoppler Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

methods of failure localization in cable- joints -2 Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

methods of failure localization (classical acoustic method) Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement 1 Introduction 2 Historical overview 3 Digital measuring techniques 4 Future trends Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik future trends  measuring sensitivity vs noise, disturbances (digital procedures, neuronal networks)  interpretation of pd- parameter (identifying, correlation to the lifetime)  localization of defects on site testing Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

spectral analyzing of pd Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

spectral analyzing of pd pd source zero span Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik digital de- noising Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik digital de- noising [Kranz, 1996] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

identification of pd sources Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

identification of pd sources Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

identification of pd sources Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

identification of pd sources Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

identification of pd sources Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

identification of pd sources Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

multichannel pd measurement Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

multichannel pd measurement Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik dangerousness of pd Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik dangerousness of pd for better understanding the physical processes of damaging or deterioration of insulation more/ other informations about the pd- processes seem to be necessary Δupd Δwpd - … Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

new parameters of pd- processes Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

new parameters of pd- processes Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

new methods of failure localization Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

new methods of failure localization Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

new methods of failure localization (combined UHF - acoustic method) acoustic measurement will be triggered by UHF- signal [Markalous, 2006] Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

Aspects of partial discharge measurement 1 Introduction 2 Historical overview 3 Digital measuring techniques 4 Future trends 5 Summary Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik summary pd measurements are up to now an essen- tial tool for quality testing of electrical insulation and diagnostic purposes progress in digital techniques makes it possible getting more informations about pd`s at increased sensitivity Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik summary basic investigations of insulation materials for finding a correlation between pd- parameters and lifetime increasing measuring sensitivity for diagnostic measurements even under on- site conditions (new methods of filtering, neuronal networks, ..) using combined techniques for improved localization Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik Thank you Questions ? & Answers ! Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik