 Solid Waste-unwanted soilds  Municipal Soild Waste-garbage  Industrial Solid Waste-indirect  Hazardous (Toxic) Waste-threatens human health=toxic/flammable  Batteries/pesticides/cleaners/sludge **Affluenza-US = 1/3 of the solid waste (55% MSW/30% recycled/15% burned) Al/tires/diapers/carpet/plastic bottles/Styrofoam/edible food/paper

 Waste Reduction  Waste Management  75-90% of soild waste could be eliminated THE FOUR R’s!  Refuse  Reduce  Reuse  Repurpose  Recycle

 Items: paper, glass, aluminum, steel, and plastics.  PRE CONSUMER and POST CONSUMER US recycles 30%Japan 50%  Primary-recycled into same product  Secondary-recycled into new product  MSW  MRF’s (materials recovery facilities)  Composting AdvantagesDisadvantages Air/Water PollutionLandfills lose $ Save EnergyMay lose $ (glass/plastics) Reduce GH emissionsSource Separation $ paper, metals

Where else would the garabage go? Power…..Burning….Burying.…..Landfills

 Open Dumps-developing  Sanitary Landfills-Lined with wells to monitor leakage. Thin layers (compacted) w/ clay/plastic (reduce leachate, fire, odor, animals). Leachates are pumped into tanks to store onsite.  science/landfill.htm

AdvantagesDisadvantages No open burningNoise/Traffic OdorDust/Erosion Lined-low groundwater pollution Air Pollution- CO2/methane/VOC’s /Dioxins! Quick to buildLeaks/Leachates Low $Slow decomposition Filled- RecreationDiscourages RRRR High Yield

 Soild/liquid that is toxic, ignitable, corrosive, or could explode.  Organic-solvents/pesticides/PCB’s, Dioxins  Heavy Metals-Pb (neurotoxin/teratogen), Hg (neurotoxin/coal burning, volcanoes/bioaccumulation fish), Arsenic U.S………is #1(Let’s go China!)  Military – 1/3 – NO EPA INTERACTION  Chemical Companies  Mining Industry Government Regulates: CERCLA (SUPERFUND)-tax/regulate point source Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-illegal disposal/permits CRADLE to GRAVE

 Superfund-allocated to clean up abondoned hazardous waste sites (brownfields)…..expired in 1995-now taxpayers pay…..  Terrorists love hazardous waste

 Recycle, reuse, detoxify, burn, bury?  Incineration or Plasma Torch-HIGH temp. break down hazards  Air  Bury-Deep Well Disposal-underneath aquifers  Air/Water  Detox:  Physical: Filters/electrostatics/capsules  Chemical: cyclodextrin- starch/nanomagnets  Biological-bioremediation-bacteria/enzymes convert to harmless  Phytoremediation-”Pollution Sponges” GM plants to absorb/filter contaminants from soil/water