7 th Grade Geography Mrs. Brueckman

Yangshao settled near Huang He River Archeologists have uncovered many villages in northern China About 3000 B.C.E. another farming group, Lungshan people appeared and were very advanced Harvested silk Potter’s wheel Baked strong bricks Irrigation projects Bronze weapons Great engineering skills – Yu known as “Great Engineer” founded Xia Dynasty in about 2000 BCE. NO WRITTEN RECORDS

Bronze Containers Oracle Bones Jade Carvings Chinese Writing (pictographs) Calendar based on cycles of the moon Ancestor Worship Buried nobles in elaborate tombs Human Sacrifices Chopsticks invented Calligraphy

Bronze Bow Device for Controlling Chariots – Chou (Zhou) Dynasty

 Longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history  Mandate of Heaven  Highly Organized Armies  Horse-drawn Chariots  Feudal Society  Agricultural Expansion  Confucius  Age of Warring States

First man to control all of China – first emperor Emperor Qin was a legalist Developed a system of bureaucracy Spy System Building of the Great Wall of China Central Government Fireplaces Window Frames with colored glass Marble Staircases Burned Books, including Confucius texts

General Meng Tien, one of the emperor’s most trusted advisors, was in charge of building 1,500 miles of the Great Wall. He accomplished it in less than seven years. Meng Tien established 34 base camps along route of wall, with housing, supply lines, but no toilet facilities! Other dynasties have made the wall what it is today, but none accomplished as much as the Qin dynasty.

700,000 people worked on the emperor’s tomb for almost 40 years.

 Silk Road  Public Schools  Seismograph  Acupuncture  Sundial  Confucius  Calligraphy  Paper

 Sui – known for Grand Canal linking northern and southern China  T’ang – Golden Age! Great advances in art. Only woman to rule China, Empress Wu.  Song – Between T’ang and Song, there was some disorder, but Song and T’ang were times of great achievements; Porcelain, woodblock printing, gunpowder, fireworks!

 Confucius ◦ His teachings were collected by his followers and became principles for good government and personal behavior. ◦ Golden Rule: What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others. ◦ “If we are not to live with our fellow men, with whom can we live?”

 Taoism(Daoism) ◦ The followers of Lao- tzu believed people were guided by universal laws, not human ones.  Tao means “the Way”  Taoists tried to lead a simple life of meditation, close to nature  Used magic as well as prayer  Yin and Yang ◦ Chinese believed there was a balance in nature  Idea that there were two forces in nature, yin and yang  Yang was strong, active, bright and male  Yin was weak, passive, dark and female  Neither could exist without the other

 Buddhism  Came to China from India in first century A.D.  Believed in everlasting life through self- discipline and meditation  Buddhist counselors were employed for political advice and magical skills

 Nomadic people who attacked the Chinese  Leader – Genghis Khan  Powerful army – bloody expeditions  Khan’s grandson, Kublai Khan continued as ruler of Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty  Spoke a different language, different customs  Marco Polo was highly respected by Mongols

 One of the most stable and prosperous times in Chinese history  Improved ships and sailing skills  The Forbidden City – symbol of China’s glory  Restoration of Great Wall of China  Isolationism – China’s glory faded