INTERNET CONNECTION THROUGH ISP  NUR AZUREEN BINTI SAHABUDIN (12DEP11F1034)  NOOR FARHANA BINTI ABDULLAH (12DEP11F1022)  MUHD ALIF IZMER BIN ZULKIFLI (12DEP11F1035)  MUHD AZHAR BIN OSMAN (12DEP11F1025)

THE BASIC CONCEPT OF INTERNET CONNECTION

WHAT IS INTERNET?  A means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and servers.  When two computers are connected over the internet,they can send and receive all kinds of information such as text,graphics,voice,video and compuer programs.

WHAT IS INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)?  A service (an access) provider is a business/company that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a monthly or yearly fee.  An Internet Service Providers are categorized as regional or national ISPs.  A regional ISP usually provides Internet access to a specific geographic area.

 A national ISP is a business that provides Internet access in cities and towns nationwide.  Other than Internet connection, ISPs may also provide related services like Web site hosting & development, hosting, domain name registration etc.

EXAMPLES OF ISP IN MALAYSIA

THE OPTIONS OF CONNECTIONS TO THE ISP  ISPs provide a variety of ways to connect to the Internet, depending on location and desired connection speed.  Each Internet access technology uses a network access device, such as a modem, in order to connect to the ISP. It may be built in to your computer or may be provided by the ISP.  The simplest arrangement is a modem that provides a direct connection between a computer and the ISP.  The choice of Internet access technologies depends on availability, cost, access device used, media used and the speed of the connection.

THE OPTIONS OF CONNECTIONS TO THE ISP

APPROPRIATE ISP LEVELS OF SERVICE TO MEET THE USER REQUIREMENT  Depending on the ISP and the connection technology, various services are available such as virus scanning, video on demand, and file storage.  Home service is normally less expensive than business services, and generally provides scaled-down services such as slower connection speed, reduced web space storage, and fewer accounts.  Business class service is more expensive but provides faster connection speeds and additional web space and accounts.  Business service also includes Service Level Agreements (SLAs) agreements between the ISP and the customer specifying items such as network availability and service response time.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNET & ISP  ISP,Internet Service Provider (telephone, cable or wireless) creates the medium/link under which homeowners, businesses or almost any entity can connect the world wide web (Internet), by configuring computing equipment that can send and receive different types of queries (send) and data/web pages (receive).

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNET & ISP Transmission Media Communication Device ISP Malaysia Dial UpTelephone ModermTelekom CableCable ModermAstro Fiber OpticNetwork Interface Card (NIC) TMNet,TM Unifi SatelliteSatelitte Dish- WirelessWireless ModermCelcom,Maxis

IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)  For hosts to communicate on the Internet, they must be running Internet Protocol (IP) software. The IP protocol is one of a group of protocols that are collectively referred to as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). The Internet Protocol (IP) uses packets to carry data  Each IP packet must contain a valid source and destination IP address. Without valid address information, packets sent will not reach the destination host. Return packets will not make it back to the original source.

 An IP packet has a header at the beginning which contains the source and destination IP addresses. It also contains control information that describes the packet to network devices, such as routers, it passes through and also helps to control its behavior on the network. The IP packet is sometimes referred to as a datagram.  IP addresses must be unique on the Internet. There are organizations responsible for controlling the distribution of IP addresses so that there is no duplication. ISPs obtain blocks of IP addresses from a local, national or regional Internet registry (RIR). It is the responsibly of the ISPs to manage these addresses and assign them to end users.

HOW ISPS HANDLE PACKETS  Before being sent on the Internet, messages are divided into packets. IP packet size is between 64 to 1500 bytes for Ethernet networks, and contains mostly user data. Downloading a single 1 MB song would require over 600 packets of 1500 bytes. Each individual packet must have a source and destination IP address.  When a packet is sent across the Internet, the ISP determines whether the packet is destined for a local service located on the ISP network, or a remote service located on a different network.  Every ISP has a control facility for their network, known as the Network Operations Center (NOC). The NOC usually controls traffic flow and houses services such as and web hosting

ISPS HANDLE PACKETS

THE PACKETS TRAVEL THROUGH THE INTERNET BY USING PING AND TRACEROUTE Ping and Traceroute  All data sent over the internet is sent in packets. Consider the following analogy. The idea behind packets is very similar to the idea of the capsules used to send checking and savings information from your vehicle to tellers inside the bank via vacuum tubes. The s you send and the files you download are all broken down into raw data and inserted into little packets. These packets are piped through your Internet connection. When a packet arrives at a destination computer, the data is extracted and reassembled into a file.  Ping and Traceroute are two programs that can be used to send packets of information to remote computers for the purpose of retrieving information. These programs are useful for testing your internet connection.

To use Ping and Traceroute you will need a command prompt: Windows Click the Start button and select Run. Enter command or cmd into the Open field. Click OK. A windows command prompt screen should look like the example below: Microsoft(R) Windows DOS (C)Copyright Microsoft Corp C:\WINDOWS>

PING  Ping can test the speed of your connection, "distance" to target, and whether or not your connection is even up and running. It tells you how long a packet of data takes to travel from your computer to a specified host, and back again(in this case, the packet is 32 bytes in size).  To use Ping, type ping followed by a destination host (server name such as or a host IP address (e.g., ).

Ping test:-  Click the Start button and select Run.  Enter command or cmd into the Open field.  Click OK  Ping  Enter

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS  If all 4 packets sent are received, then the connection is working fine. Any lost packets may indicate slow connection problems. If no packets are received, you'll see like that say something like "Destination Host unreachable" or "Request Timed Out". This can indicate that your connection is not routing properly.  Note: For security reasons, some servers do not allow you to ping them - you will get "Request Timed Out" errors. You should try multiple servers if you are testing your connection.

TRACEROUTE  Traceroute tracks the path that a packet takes from your computer to a destination address. A traceroute also shows how many times your packets are being rebroadcast by other servers until it gets to the final destination. For windows users, the command is tracert. For Macintosh OS X users, its traceroute.  In this example we will trace the hops from a computer to yahoo.com: C:\WINDOWS>tracert yahoo.com Tracing route to yahoo.com [ ] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms ms 14 ms 18 ms sl-gw15-rly sprintlink.net [ ] 3 31 ms 25 ms 13 ms sl-bb22-rly-1-0.sprintlink.net [ ] 4 21 ms 17 ms 17 ms sl-st20-ash-15-1.sprintlink.net [ ] 5 15 ms 17 ms 19 ms so edge1.Washington1.Level3.net [ ] 6 16 ms 17 ms 15 ms so gar1.Washington1.Level3.net [ ] 7 82 ms 82 ms 82 ms so mp2.SanJose1.Level3.net [ ] 8 87 ms 87 ms 83 ms gige10-0.ipcolo3.SanJose1.Level3.net [ ] 9 87 ms 84 ms 93 ms unknown.Level3.net [ ] ms 88 ms 92 ms w1.rc.vip.scd.yahoo.com [ ] Trace complete.

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS  Traceroutes allow you to see the path your packets take over the Internet. Sometimes, they will also allow you to "see" how your information traveled over the world: Many companies will name their servers based on where the server is located. From the example above, our information passed from our computer to servers in Washington DC then through servers in San Jose before reaching its destination (yahoo.com).  Traceroutes can show where there is a break in your connection. This allows you to determine exactly where your packets are being dropped or lost. Dropped or lost packets on a traceroute will usually show as asterisks (*).  Note: Just like ping, some servers do not allow you to traceroute all the way to them - you will get timeouts and sometimes errors. You should try multiple servers if you are testing your connection.  Ping and Traceroute allow you to diagnose problems with your Internet connection. These utilities allow you to determine if a problem is on your computer, out on the network, or at the server you're trying to reach.