Carbohydrates When excess glucose is taken in at a meal: -Glucose molecules are combined to form a long- chained polysaccharide called glycogen. Glycogen: -Supplies glucose in periods between meals. -Liver stores glycogen. -Broken down into glucose molecules and is used for energy.

Red areas indicate glycogen.

Cellulose Carbohydrate Water-insoluble fiber Cannot dissolve in water Found in: carrots, celery, cereal and breads. We can’t digest cellulose. Retains water to help move feces through large intestine.

Lipids During exercise triglycerides provide a larger proportion of the body’s energy demand. Atherosclerosis – buildup of cholesterol deposits, called plaque on walls of arteries. From: steak, hamburgers, cheese, chicken with its skin, bacon, whole milk… More common in people that do not exercise and smokers.

Amino Acids and Protein Protein in our diets is broken down to produce amino acids. Ex. Hair, fingernails, part of our bones Essential amino acids: amino acids that are not made in sufficient amounts. All the amino acids we need are found in: milk, eggs, meat, fish, poultry, cheese, and soy product.

Vitamins Water-soluble vitamins: vitamin C and 8 different forms of vitamin B. Work in conjunction with enzymes, promoting the cellular reactions that supply energy or synthesize cellular materials. Readily eliminated by the kidneys; not stored in the body. Thought excesses of these vitamins can be toxic.

Deficiency of Vitamin C

Vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins Vitamin A,D,E,K. Vitamin A is converted to light-sensitive pigments in receptor cells of the retina. Stored in body fat and accumulate in the fat reserves. Excess Vitamin D can cause weight loss, nausea, and irritability.

Deficiencies Excess of Vitamin D can produce rickets. Causes bone deformities. Dietitians recommend taking vitamin supplements if you don’t eat a balanced diet.

Antioxidants Why is everyone against oxidants? Eliminates oxidants in the blood that are involved in cholesterol build up in the walls of arteries. Oxidants may contribute to cancer. Diet rich in antioxidants may reduce heart attacks, stroke, and cancer. Found in: fruits, vegetables, soy milk, tofu, tea, and red wine.

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