International System The pattern of relations between nation-states and non-state international actors

Comparison Domestic Politics International Politics Formal Hierarchical Rules/regulations To produce justice Social contract International Politics Two Views Anarchy Institutionalization

Categories of Comparison Central Authority Conflict Resolution and Force

Domestic Politics: Central Authority US Constitution THE PREAMBLE We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

US Congress

Presidency

US Supreme Court

International Politics: Anarchy: No Central Authority

Rules? Anarchy? Sovereignty Self-reliance Capability Might makes right

But…Institutions: Central Authority in the Making? Geneva Conventions International Criminal Court (Rome Statute) Kyoto Protocol International Whaling Commission World Intellectual Property Rights Org.

Regional Organizations African Union (AU) Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) The Commonwealth (The UK and nations that were former British colonies, but remain close to the UK economically and politically) Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Organization of Central Asian states, from Turkey to Kyrgyzstan Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) European Union (EU) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Organization of American States (OAS) Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) -- a cartel of oil producing nations that spans several regions.  Pacific Community (Pacific Island nations and territories)

Conflict Resolution and Force Domestic Political System?

Tradition in International System: Anarchy? Event From To Low  High Warring States Era, China BC 475 BC 221 10 m An Shi Rebellion, China 756 763 36 m Mongol Conquests, Europe, Asia 1207 1279 30 m 60 m Thirty Years War 1618 1648 3 m 11.5 m Napoleonic Wars 1804 1815 3.5 m 16 m Taiping Rebellion, China 1851 1864 20 m 50 m US Civil War 1861 1865 618,000 970,000 Russian Civil War 1917 1921 5m 9 m WW I (high includes Spanish Flu) 1914 1918 15 m 66 m  

Continued Anarchy? Chinese Civil War 1945 1949 1.3 m 6. 1 m WW II 1939 Viet Nam War 1975 2.5 m 5 m Korean War 1950 1953 3.5 m Nigerian Civil War 1967 1970 1 m Afghan Civil War 1979 Present 1.5 m 2.0 m Iran-Iraq War 1980 1988 1.0 m Congo Civil War 1994 1997 800,000 Second Congo War 1998 2003 3.8m 13.8

Might Makes Right: US-Mexican War 1846-1847

Japanese Constitution 1946 Staff member Beate Sirota Gordon, then in her early twenties, still remembers the day well: And one morning I came in..., it was ten a.m. and General Whitney [head of the government section] called us into a meeting room. It was too small for all of us. Some of us had to stand because there were about 25 of us. And he said, "You are now a constituent assembly…And you will write the Japanese constitution. You will write a draft and it will have to be done in a week." Well, I mean, we were stunned of course. But, on the other hand, when you're in the army and you get an order, you just do it. You just go ahead. From PBS, The American Experience, MacArthur. Available at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/peopleevents/pandeAMEX102.html

Instutionalization? International Conflict Resolution and Regulation of the Use of Force United Nations Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Russia-China Border WTO Dispute Resolution Mechanism International Court of Justice

Old Enemies, New Friends China/Japan Germany/France

The International System Evolves Anarchy Institutionalization You are here

The Security Dilemma You don’t know the first thing about international relations! Yes, I do. It’s the security dilemma!