Bell Work What do you think it means to be industrialized? Can you give an example of a country that is, and one that is not?

The Industrial Revolution (But really ongoing)

Map of LDCs--  MDCs

LEARNING TARGETS I can explain the causes of the Industrial Revolution I can analyze how society changed because of the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolution The slow shift in production from simple hand tools to complex machines. – A shift from an agricultural to a manufacturing economy (primary to secondary sector) – A shift from rural to urban

Causes Improved farming methods – Crop rotation, turnips to restore soil, seed drill, crossbreeding of livestock – Enclosure: open farmlands enclosed into more productive fields. New technology – James Watt – steam engine- became the key power source of the IR. – Improved iron- used for the construction of machines and steam engines

The Seed Drill

The Steam Engine

World’s First Iron Bridge, 1779

The Textile Industry “The Cottage Industry” – the world’s first mechanized industry High demand for cloth – raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove thread into cloth in their homes. – Small wages for workers, big profits for entrepreneurs.

Textile Industry Inventions John Kay – flying shuttle James Hargreaves – spinning jenny Richard Arkwright – water frame – Main Idea: New machines were too big for homes. New buildings were built to house them. – “Factories” – located near rivers Power, transportation – Production increased exponentially. Completely changed the economies and societies of Europe.

The Transportation Revolution First steam locomotive: 1804 – traveled 2.5 mph 1829-The Rocket – 16 mph, but still killed a member of the British Cabinet not paying attention on its debut World’s first railroad: The Liverpool-to- Manchester opened in By 1860, trains were moving 60mph.

Urbanization New farming techniques and mass production of goods put farmers and skilled craftsman out of work. Migrated to factory towns in search of work. – City population exploded Ex: Manchester: 17,000 in 1750; 70,000 by 1800 – Living conditions horrible – Overcrowding, entire families slept in 1 room slums – No police, fire, health, water, or sanitation services

Living Conditions Sewage ran through the streets “Londoners living near the Thames River kept their doors and windows closed year-round due to the smell of the river” The Romantic poet Lord Byron was known to “relieve himself” in hotel hallways because bathrooms were so dirty.

Indoor Bathrooms aka Earth Closets

LORD BYRON

Life in Factories hour workdays No mandatory breaks No safety devices on machines No disability or workers comp or insurance…if you got sick or injured, you just lost your job Employers preferred women and children workers: Paid them less Easier to manage Smaller hands