8th Grade Review This is the stuff that you learned 3 years ago, and you better know if you want to graduate!

On the following slides make sure you can explain the significance of the following dates, documents, and people.

What made long-range ocean voyages possible? Food for thought… What made long-range ocean voyages possible? Portuguese sailing innovation and mariner schooling Caravel- a ship that could sail against the wind as well as with it. Late 1400’s opened sea routes for trade with Asia. http://www.bruceruiz.net/PanamaHistory/Caravel_2.jpg

Why were Columbus’ Sailors confused about their location in 1492? Food for thought… Why were Columbus’ Sailors confused about their location in 1492? Columbus had underestimated the size of the earth, then misled his crew about how far they traveled. http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/images/columbus.gif

What was the Columbian Exchange? Food for thought… What was the Columbian Exchange? It was the movement of plants, animals, foods and ideas between the old and new worlds beginning in 1492, when Columbus discovered the continent. Also brought diseases such as smallpox and measles which decimated the native populations http://mrthompson.org/text/2-3%20The%20Impact%20of%20Colonization_files/image019.jpg

Where did the world powers focus their explorations? Food for thought… Where did the world powers focus their explorations? North America- France and Britain South America- Portugal and Spain http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/history-of-south-america0.gif

The English establish Jamestown (first permanent settlement) 1607 The English establish Jamestown (first permanent settlement) http://www.history.com/classroom/jamestownstory/images/JAMESTOWN_OVERVIEW_01.gif What does this quote tell you about the settlements original inhabitants? “…he that will not work shall not eat…” - John Smith

DOCUMENTS How did the following contribute to the Representative Government established during the Colonial time period?

Magna Carta- 1215 DOCUMENTS Signed by King John in AD 1215 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta- 1215 Signed by King John in AD 1215 Limits the power of the monarch Foundation of future American ideals of liberty and justice “ No freeman shall be …imprisoned… except by the lawful judgment of his peers…”

English Bill of Rights (1688) DOCUMENTS English Bill of Rights (1688) British gov’t granted to English people certain rights and freedom Became the model and foundation of American Bill of Rights of 1789 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/7/7f/250px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg

DOCUMENTS Mayflower Compact Agreement in which settlers of Plymouth Colony agreed to obey their government’s laws ***SELF GOVERNMENT!*** How have the ideas of this compact influenced our own government? http://www.mbeinstitute.org/America/MayflowerCompact.JPG

Distance and Prosperity Food for thought… What were the reasons for the growth of representative governments in the colonies? Distance and Prosperity The Colonies were too far away to be managed (who likes bureaucracy?) They developed their own forms of self government such as the House of Burgesses (1619-first example of limited self govt. in colonies), General Assembly Modeled on British tradition (parliament).

From England’s standpoint, what was the major purpose of the colonies? Food for thought… From England’s standpoint, what was the major purpose of the colonies? Mercantilism- the economic philosophy that colonies should provide the mother country with raw materials and a market for surplus products. Thus, the purpose of the American colonies was TO INCREASE ENGLAND’S PROSPERITY. Take as much as the land will give you! How does this compare to what you know about the Native American’s viewpoint of using the land and its resources? Read pg 31 Comparing Primary Sources

Where were most colonial cities located? Food for thought… Where were most colonial cities located? By water. WHY? TRADE! http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V1/Map01.jpg

When England cracked down on this after 1763 colonists were angry. Salutary neglect English “policy” of leaving the colonies alone. As long as England was prospering everything was great! As a result, trade regulations were rarely enforced, as well as colonial smuggling and bribery to acquire needed products from countries other than England were ignored. When England cracked down on this after 1763 colonists were angry.