Agenda

Review How did Latin Americans achieve social justice and economic development? Are those two goals compatible?

Unit 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (1900-present)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE CHALLENGE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND IMMIGRATION ( )

Objectives Describe the major threats to peace during the Cold War.

Essential Questions What were the major threats to peace during the Cold War?

Target: Postcolonial Crises and Asian Economic Expansion Iron curtain Cold War – communism (USSR) v. capitalism (US) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – democratic alliance Warsaw Pact – communist alliance

Map 32-1, p. 854

– The United Nations (est. 1945) General Assembly, Security Council

Capitalism and Communism – Bretton Woods Conference (July 1944) International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank

– World War II damaged the western European economy. Truman Doctrine – US financial aid to Greece and Turkey. Marshall Plan – US program to support reconstruction.

– 1948 – Organization of European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) – 1957 – European Economic Community (the Common Market). European Union (EU) in Wages increased, social welfare benefits grew, standard of living rose.

– Rapid growth of Soviet economy. Refocusing on consumer goods showed inefficiencies. 1970s – gap between West and East widened.

West Versus East in Europe and Korea – Germany, Austria, Japan – foreign military occupation, under Allied control. – Soviet aggressiveness in eastern Europe Satellite nations

– By 1948, the US saw the USSR as a threat. Berlin Airlift ( ) – Germany » Allies (France, Britain, US) – West Germany » USSR – East Germany » Berlin also divided, USSR blockaded West Berlin. » Allies airlifted supplies for one year – Berlin Wall in 1961 to prevent East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin.

Korean War ( ) – Domino Theory – if one country fell to communism, so would others – Containment – US policy, keep communism from spreading – Communist North Korea (China) – Noncommunist South Korea (US) – Stalemate along the 38 th parallel. – Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, King Jong Un. – Nuclear weapons.

Vietnam War ( ) – Ho Chi Minh – Indochina Communist Party. – Nationalist coalition, the Viet Minh, defeated the French in Communist North, noncommunist South. – South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem executed.

– US troops. – Viet Cong, communist guerillas, fought for the north. – Ho Chi Minh Trail. – 1973 treaty ended US involvement, promised future elections.

Cambodia – Pol Pot – Khmer Rouge – Cambodian communist party Destroyed all western influence Year Zero Cities to farming collectives Poverty, famine, torture. 25% of the population killed – genocide – Targeted intellectuals, the Killing Fields

Race for Nuclear Supremacy – 1949 – USSR nuclear device, 1952 – US hydrogen bomb.

– Cuban Missile Crisis Failed Bay of Pigs invasion (1962). USSR’s leader Nikita Khrushchev removed the missiles, US removed missiles in Turkey.

– Nuclear nonproliferation – limit growth of nuclear weapons – banned certain testing of nuclear weapons – Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) – Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) resulted in the Helsinki Accords.

– Space Race Soviets launched Sputnik (October 1957)

Essential Questions What were the major threats to peace during the Cold War?

Agenda

Review What were the major threats to peace during the Cold War?

Unit 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (1900-present)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE COLD WAR AND DECOLONIZATION ( )

Objectives Evaluate the similarity of the experiences of Asia, Africa, and Latin America during the Cold War period.

Essential Questions How were the experiences of Asia, Africa, and Latin America similar during the Cold War period?

Map 32-2, p. 858

Target: Decolonization and State Building New Nations in South and SE Asia – India and Pakistan Pakistan – military leaders. – 1971 – Bengali-speaking Bangladesh. India – republic, industry, education Kashmir.

p. 865

The Struggle for Independence in Africa – Most of sub-Sahara – independence through negotiation. Medical and public health improvements = population growth.

– Influence of Western ideals, roads, railroads. – Schools, labor associations, and the colonial bureaucracy – strong nationalist recruiting centers. – Ghana (1957) – Kwame Nkrumah. – Nigeria (1960) – Kenya – Jomo Kenyatta.

p. 859

South Africa – Independence in – Apartheid (strict racial segregation) system.

– African National Congress (ANC – 1912). Nelson Mandela organized guerrilla resistance, jailed for 27 years, freed in 1990, became president. – F.W. DeKlerk, Bishop Desmond Tutu

Latin America – Mexico Expropriation of foreign oil interests in Rapid population growth, uncontrolled migration, corruption.

– Guatemala United Fruit Company (American). Jacobo Arbenz Vargas elected in 1951 CIA military takeover

– Cuba Economic problems. Corrupt gov’t Fulgencio Batista coup Castro communist revolution.

Fig. 32-CO, p. 846

Essential Questions How were the experiences of Asia, Africa, and Latin America similar during the Cold War period?

Agenda

Review How were the experiences of Asia, Africa, and Latin America similar during the Cold War period?

Unit 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (1900-present)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: THE COLD WAR AND DECOLONIZATION ( )

Objectives Describe how the rivalry between the Cold War superpowers affected the rest of the world.

Essential Questions How did the rivalry between the Cold War superpowers affect the rest of the world?

Target: Beyond a Bipolar World The Third World – Non-aligned nations – neutral in the Cold War. (ex. Yugoslavia, India) – Third World – non-aligned developing countries.

– Japan and China Japan regained independence in – Renounced militarism and imperialism. – Economic superpower after 1975.

– China Mao’s Great Leap Forward (1958 – 1962) – Industrialization, collectivization. – million deaths.

Cultural Revolution ( ) – Goal – renew faith in communism and increase his power. – Red Guards. » Targeted teachers, party officials, and intellectuals. ».5 million deaths, 3 million purged by 1971.

p. 866

Map 32-3, p. 868

– The Middle East Israeli and Palestinian Conflict – Arab guerrilla uprising against the British (1936). – Jews – militant tactics.

UN partitioned Palestine in 1947, Israel declared independence in – Six Day War PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Yasir Arafat, and terrorism.

Oil in the Middle East – 1960 – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). – Yom Kippur War (1973) – Economic weapon.

The Emergence of Environmental Concerns – Technological innovations and projects. – Student unrest late 1960s and early 1970s. – Clean Air Act (1970), Earth Day (1970). – Problem of finite natural resources.

Essential Questions How did the rivalry between the Cold War superpowers affect the rest of the world?