WARM UP #9 12/13 Look in any of your 3 notes from Ch 4 and make 4 True or False questions. EXAMPLE: T or F. In a hypertonic solution cells shrink.

12/12 Urinary/ Excretory system CH 4 NOTES #4 12/12 Urinary/ Excretory system

Urinary System Function: 1.) CLEAN BLOOD (GET RID OF WASTES) 2.) HELP MAINTAIN WATER BALANCE 3.) HELP REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE

MADE UP OF 4 MAIN PARTS: Kidneys –organ that filters blood Ureters - tube that carries urine from the kidneys to bladder Bladder - sac that stores urine Urethra - tube that carries urine out of the body

Bladder can hold up to 2 cups Feel like you have to go after 1 cup

Body produces wastes… if they build up, it is like poison. blood picks it up wastes or extra things that our body didn’t need or use Gets taken out of the blood in our KIDNEYS Eliminated in our urine with extra water

WHAT IS URINE???? URINE: extra water and wastes filtered out of blood 95% 5%

HAVING YOUR URINE CHECKED Urinalysis can reveal diseases that have gone unnoticed because they do not produce striking signs or symptoms. Urinalysis provides information about the kidney, urinary tract, and non-kidney disorders.

Chemical Reaction Chart

Check under Microscope EX: White blood cells a few are normal high numbers indicate inflammation or infection somewhere along the urinary or genital tract

What can you find out from urine? Kidney problems Infections Drugs taken Pregnancies Diabetes Several different diseases ALCOHOL = 3-5 days MARIJUANA = Up to 3 months!

VIDEO While watching video, answer the questions on the half sheet.

KEEPING A BALANCE BODY GETS BODY LOSES WATER WATER Drinks 1. sweat Foods 2. breathing 3. urine 4. feces

DIURETIC – chemical that makes your kidneys to let out water EX: Alcohol Caffeine Diet pills DEHYDRATION – body is low on water

SALT- WATER- BLOOD PRESSURE BALANCE salt = body keeps water = blood pressure salt = body gets rid of water = blood pressure

Low on water - brain sends HORMONES to kidneys to make them hold on to fluids Too much water – brain sends hormones to kidneys to make them let out fluids

Problems Kidney stones Bladder infections Kidney failure

BIZARRE FACTS! At weddings in North Africa, for ceremonial purposes, the bride's urine was sprinkled on the guests after the wedding. Long ago, urine was often used as toothpaste. It was believed that brushing one's teeth with urine would make the teeth whiter.

Mahatma Gandhi drank pee regularly. In some parts of India people bottle and sell cow urine (cows are considered sacred there) In Pre-Colonial Peru, the Inca washed their children's hair with urine as a remedy for head lice

Astronauts aboard the International Space Station recycle their urine into clean drinking water.

LABELING Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

Plants also need to regulate water

VIDEO

One cell waste = ammonia = poisonous LIVER – changes ammonia to UREA (not as toxic) for kidneys to get rid of

Typical Substances Tested & Significance pH - partial assessment of acid base status; alkaline pH indicates old sample or urinary tract infection Specific Gravity - state of kidney and hydration status of patient Protein - primarily detects protein called albumin; important indicator in the detection of renal disease Glucose - primarily detects glucose (sugar); important indicator of diabetes mellitus

Typical Substances Tested & Significance Blood - red blood cells, hemoglobin, or myoglobin (muscle hemoglobin); sensitive early indicator of renal disease Ketone - normal product of fat metabolism; increased amounts seen in diabetes or starvation (extreme dieting) Bilirubin - detects bilirubin (a product of red cell breakdown); indicator of liver function Urobilinogen - another by-product of red cell breakdown; increased amounts seen in fever, dehydration, hemolytic anemia and liver disease

Typical Substances Tested & Significance Nitrite - certain bacteria convert normal urine nitrate to nitrite; indicator of urinary tract infection Leukocyte Esterase - detects esterase enzyme present in certain white blood cells (e.g, neutrophils, monocytes); indicator of urinary tract infection