Nationalism The Twilight of Romanticism

Outside European Mainstream Poland, Bohemia, Norway, Denmark, Russia People desired political freedom and cultural expression Composers with limited training most likely to build harmonies and sounds of folk music in their works. Nationalist music is the blending of folk and art music

Bedrich Smetana First Bohemian with international reputation Father master brewer in service to Count Waldstein Smetana public debut school in Prague Music life of Prague vibrant

Bedrich Smetana Father recalled him from Prague to finish his schooling Eked out living as a piano teacher 1848 Prague Revolution – helped man the barricades and wrote patriotic marches

Bedrich Smetana 1856 taught in Sweden 1859 Austrians defeated by Napoleon III – return to Prague Slow to achieve recognition – Liszt Nationalist operas starting

Antonin Dvorak Father was butcher and inn-keeper Encouraged Antonin in music 18 violinist of Czech theater of Prague New World Symphony

Edvard Greig Norway’s Greatest Composer Mother taught piano when he was 6 Entered Leipzig conservatory and studied with Mendelssohn and Schumann

Edvard Greig Peer Gynt Suite

Carl Nielsen Denmark Six symphonies violinist

Russia Serfdom Peter the Great – opened Russia to the West. Italian opera and western music flowered in St. Petersburg and in Moscow By the second half of 18C Russians were tired of anything missing the Russian spirit Mikhail Glinka – Father of Russian music

Mikhail Glinka Considered the father of Russian music Government official Composed as a hobby Life for a Tsar One of “The Five”

Alexander Borodin Scientist Polovtsian Dances from Prince Igor More than five years to complete One of “The Five”

Mily Balakirev King Lear – incidental music; Islamey piano concerto Self appointed leader of “The Five”

Modest Musorgsky Struggled to complete operas Boris Godunov, Khovanshina R.K. and Shostokovich finished them Avoided Western influence

Modest Musorgsky Pictures at an Exhibition is most recognized work Family had both nobility and serfs 1861 serfs liberated- M had to take on civil jobs – difficulty Died at 42 in military alcoholism

Peter Tchaikovsky Embraced Western influence, learned from Rubinstein Criticized by “the five” Most recognized works were ballet Swan Lake Waltz Sleeping Beauty Waltz Dance of the Sugarplum fairy

Peter Tchaikovsky Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Parents realized he was gifted musically Learned piano at 6 Naval Academy Scheherazade One of “The Five”