EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 1 Mission to the Moon Recent Developments and Future Perspectives Hartmut Müller TB 91 Bremen,

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 2 Development of Exploration Missions History of Space Exploration indicates trend via Moon to other planets and bodies VIKING Mars Pathfinder Mars global surveyor MER Spirit & Opportunity Mars Express SURVEYOR APOLLO Clementine SMART - 1 LUNA 1 to 24 PHOBOS 1&2 MARS 4 to 7 USA missions Russian missions European missions FLY - by Orbiter Lander Sample return Human mission F. Bonnefond TE 72

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 3 The European Roadmap & Aerocapture Demonstrator 2033 Human element of First Human Mission 2012 Habitability Demonstrator 2028 Precursor for Step Precursor for Step ExoMars 2018 Advanced ExoMars 2024 ? Human Mission Rehearsal Mars Sample Return (MSR) 2016 Advanced Mars Sample Return & ISRU mission 2030 Cargo element of First Human Mission 2022 Human Mission Rehearsal Lunar Mission 2007 Entry Vehicle Demonstrator (EVD)

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 4 The US Roadmap

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 5 Long Term Exploration Scenario Via ISS Experience to Moon and Mars

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 6 StatusMid termLong term  Spacelab / STS  ISS / Columbus  ISS Utilities Operation and Evolution  ISS = Demonstrator and Test bed for Phase II and III EUROPEAN/Autonomous  Lunar Infrastructure for Exploration  Transportation (AR5)  Logistics (ATV)  Lander ( ATV, AR5, Robotics)  (Dispenser) / Surface Infrastructure Lunar Infrastructure  Crew supported servicing & maintenance of far side astronomy base  human exploration missions to south pole,  near side permanent crewed base First Human Mission to Mars  Transportation  Nuclear Propulsion  Habitation  Radiation Shielding  ISRU  Lander/Ascender  Logistics International/Cooperation  Manned Moon  Crew Transportation Phase III Preparation  Robotic Mars Missions  Stand alone operations  Surface mobility  ECLS  Habitation  Nuclear Power Supply  Transport./ Nuclear Propulsion Long Term Exploration Scenario

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 7 It‘s our neighbour It’s visible Technically feasible and affordable Stepwise approach – near term relevance There is a Demand Moon provides a natural platform for Science (Astronomy/Astrophysics, Geology/ Geophysics/Geochemistry, Physics of the Sun and Life Science) and may build a Cornerstone within Mission to Mars Visible Symbol of European capabilities – lighthouse project Chances for European leadership in science and technology and autonomous access to Space based infrastructure Perspective and motivation of young people and pacemaker for European science and technology Why to Moon first?

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 8 The Scientific Demand –Lunar far side is permanently free of radio interferences from Earth (quiet zone) –During the 2 weeks of Lunar night avoidance of distracting radiations from the Sun. The Mission –Low frequency radio telescope –Implemented as an array of antennas –Maintenance and upgrade is possible –Stepwise extension Lunar Infrastructure for Exploration (LIFE)

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 9 Long Term Lunar Presence (2018 an beyond) EUROPEAN LUNAR OBSERVATORY (A) tele-operated astronomical observatory, temporarily manned –Main requirements (for astronomical research) ·No RF interferences ·Low intensity ionosphere ·No atmosphere, no orbital debris –Main tasks ·Low frequency radio astronomy ·Infrared astronomy ·UV astronomy ·Planetary defence (focus on detection) ·Exploration (physics of the sun, geology, etc.) Crater Daedalus on the Lunar Farside located at 179° East, 5.5°South. diameter of 80 km

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 10 Long Term Lunar Presence (2018 an beyond) ISAAC NEWTON LUNAR BASE (B) manned home base for lunar explorations –Main requirements (for manned exploration) ·Self preservative base ·Easy and safe transportation to/from Moon –Main tasks ·Provide life saving functionalities ·Provide (surface) mobility ·Provide communications ·Use of lunar construction material ·Utilisation of lunar resources

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 11 Long Term Lunar Presence (2018 and beyond) EUROPEAN LUNAR OBSERVATORY (A) (far side, near to the equator, Daedalus Crater ISAAC NEWTON LUNAR BASE (B) near side, between equator and south pole Expedition to South Pole DA VINCI LUNAR SOUTH POLE STATION (C) near to the South Pole, peak of eternity B C A

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 12 LIFE – First Approach towards a Programmatic Automated Missions Human Missions to Moon Long term Perspective Mission to Moon Application: Astronomy Establishment of Autom. Outpost Robotic Presence Human tended Base Permanent Human Base Lunar Colony First Set of Dipoles Near Equator (Pre Cursor) Second Set of Dipoles Robotic Installation Automatic Installation over long Distance Human tended far side astronomy base Human exploration missions to south pole Near side permanent crewed base Semi automatic Installation of complete System And S&M over very long Distances (7000km) Phase 1: Mission to Equator (Enabling Telecommunication to terrestrial Ground Station) First Set of Dipoles (Order of Magnitude: 10 to 30) Automatic Distribution (Dispenser, automatic Orientation, Data Transfer via Cable) Purpose of Mission:- Pre Cursor - Establishment of core Element for LIFE - Verification of standardized Mission Elements for next Phases - Initial operation of LIFE

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 13 LUNAR VISION KEY ISSUES OF EUROPEAN LUNAR PROGRAM –Sustainability –Continuity –Permanence GO TO THE MOON AND STAY ON THE MOON

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 14 Thank you for your Attention

EADS Space Transportation - Orbital & Reusable Systems Hartmut Müller TB 91 Page 15 If we look to the life cycle of our products her at EADS ST, one detect very soon, that our products show a life cycle of 30 – 40 years or more. So, if we start with development of new products, we have to think about their application and their markets in 30 or 40years from now. For this reason we established a working group at EADS ST dealing with long term Perspectives of Space Travel. In this context we are analysing different scenarios – from Space Tourism until Exploration Missions – always targeted to identify potential applications for Space Infrastructure beyond the classic application of telecommuication or micro gravity Research. This is why we look for a close relationship to potential users from very early onwards. And this is why we invited you to this workshop to evaluate together with you the scientific potentails of lunar infrastructures The purpose of this presentation is to give a global overview our idea of future space Inrastructure as plattform for scientific purpose As starting point for the discussion of: What is really needed? But if we talk about moon, we also have to consider the Space exploration environment, in which the case for moon is to be discussed